TABLE 1.

Comparison of different exosome-extraction methods.

Exosome-extraction method	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Ultracentrifugation	The gold standard for exosome isolation	Impurity	Thery et al. (2006); Van Deun et al. (2014)
	Feasible for large quantities prepared	Low yield
	Avoids cross-contamination	High requirements for equipment and technical knowledge
		Change exosome’s structure and biological function
		Not conducive to downstream analysis
Sucrose or iodoxanol gradient centrifugation	Yields high purity	Low yield	Kowal et al. (2016); Chen et al. (2019)
		Need large sample volume
Coprecipitation	High yield and convenience	Low purity	Rider et al. (2016); Weng et al. (2016)
Dimension exclusion chromatography	Extracellular vesicles can be isolated directly from viscous and complex biological fluids	Low yield	Boing et al. (2014); Muller et al. (2014)
	Rapid; Does not affect the exosome structure and biological function	Impurity