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. 2022 Oct 24;13:1019491. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019491

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Copyright © 2022 Tefera, O’Leary, Thayalakumaran, Rao, Silva-Perez, Shunmugam, Armstrong and Rosewarne

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The synergies between ideotype and agronomic practices viz., stubble retention (A), time of sowing (B) and row spacing (C) to reduce yield loss between 1971 and 2020 in low rainfall (Mallee) and medium rainfall (Wimmera) environments. Yield loss (%) was estimated in terms of average per decade. BVJB2, Baseline variety Jumbo2; BVHM, Baseline variety Hallmark; Ideotype was created by a ten percent increase (10%-40%) of individual trait (leaf size, RUE and HI rate) around baseline varieties; Ideotype 1 to 4 used genetic background of Jumbo2 and 5 to 8 used Hallmark; TOS, time of sowing. TOS1=April 28, TOS2=May 12, TOS3=May 26, TOS4=June 7, TOS5=June 23; Stubble treatments were 0 and 6 t/ha of initial surface residue of wheat.