Table 2.
WHO region |
SABA inhalers |
ICS |
ICS–LABA |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Availability reported | >80% | Study | Affordability reported | <1 day wage | Study | Availability reported | >80% | Study | Affordability reported | <1 day wage | Study | Availability reported | >80% | Study | Affordability reported | <1 day wage | Study | ||
Afghanistan | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bangladesh | SEAR | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020),24 Paromita et al (2021)42 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020),24 Paromita et al (2021)42 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Paromita et al (2021)42 | .. | .. | .. |
Benin | AFR | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bhutan | SEAR | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Brazil | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Burkina Faso | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Burundi | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cambodia | WPR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cameroon | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Chile | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
China | WPR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
DR Congo | AFR | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Djibouti | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ecuador | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Egypt | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
El Salvador | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Eritrea | AFR | Yes | Yes | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ethiopia | AFR | Yes | Yes | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
The Gambia | AFR | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 | Yes | No | Sanyang et al (2021)46 |
Ghana | AFR | Yes | No | Nyarko et al (2016)39 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Nyarko et al (2016)39 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Guinea | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Haiti | AMR | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Honduras | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
India | SEAR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Indonesia | SEAR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Iran | EMR | Yes | No | Ghiasi et al (2016)31 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Ghiasi et al (2016)31 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Jordan | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Karir et al (2018)33 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Karir et al (2018)33 |
Kenya | AFR | Yes | No | Rockers et al (2019)45 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Madagascar | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Malawi | AFR | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020),24 Johansson et al (2020)32 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Malaysia | WPR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mali | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mauritania | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mexico | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Morocco | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Ghanname et al (2013)30 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013),22 Ghanname et al (2013)30 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Ghanname et al (2013)30 |
Mozambique | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Myanmar | SEAR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Nepal | SEAR | Yes | Yes | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Nigeria | AFR | Yes | No | Osuafor et al (2021),40 Ozoh et al (2021)41 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013),22 Ozoh et al (2021)41 | Yes | No | Ozoh et al (2021)41 | Yes | No | Ozoh et al (2021)41 | Yes | No | Ozoh et al (2021)41 | Yes | No | Ozoh et al (2021)41 |
Pakistan | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Peru | AMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Philippines | WPR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Rwanda | AFR | Yes | Yes | Niyonsenga et al (2021)38 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Niyonsenga et al (2021)38 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Senegal | AFR | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Gupta et al (2020)24 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
South Africa | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Sri Lanka | SEAR | Yes | No | Dabare et al (2014),28 Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Dabare et al (2014)28 | Yes | No | Dabare et al (2014),28 Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Dabare et al (2014)28 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Sudan | EMR | Yes | No | Egere et al (2021),26 Kheder et al (2014),36 Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Kheder et al (2014),36 Thomson et al (2021)49 | Yes | No | Egere et al (2021),26 Kheder et al (2014),36 Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013),22 Kheder et al (2014),36 Thomson et al (2021)49 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Suriname | AMR | Yes | Yes | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Syria | EMR | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Tanzania | AFR | Yes | Yes | Egere et al (2021),26 Gupta et al (2020)24 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Egere et al (2021),26 Gupta et al (2020)24 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Thailand | SEAR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Togo | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Uganda | AFR | Yes | No | Armstrong-Hough et al (2018),27 Kibirige et al (2017)37 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013),22 Kibirige et al (2017)37 | Yes | No | Armstrong-Hough et al (2018),27 Kibirige et al (2017)37 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013),22 Kibirige et al (2017)37 | Yes | No | Kibirige et al (2017)37 | Yes | No | Kibirige et al (2017)37 |
Vanuatu | WPR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Viet Nam | WPR | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | Yes | No | Mendis et al (2012)25 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Yemen | EMR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | Yes | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Zambia | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Zimbabwe | AFR | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | Yes | No | Babar et al (2013)22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Medications are available if they are present in 80% or more facilities. Medications are affordable if 1 month's supply costs less than 1 day's wage of the lowest paid government worker. SABA=short-acting beta-agonist. ICS=inhaled corticosteroid. ICS–LABA=inhaled corticosteroid–long-acting beta-agonist. AFR=African region. AMR=region of the Americas. EMR=Eastern Mediterranean region. SEAR=South-East Asian region. WPR=Western Pacific region.