Table 1.
Toxicity of various compounds against the second instar crawlers of P. lilacinus.
| Compounds | Time (h) | LD50 (µg/insect) | CL (µg/insect) | Slope ± SE | Chi-square | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone | 24 | 6.94 | 4.31–17.63 | 1.28 ± 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.94 |
| 48 | 2.89 | 1.90–6.06 | 0.94 ± 0.20 | 0.07 | 1.00 | |
| 72 | 0.71 | 0.42–1.02 | 1.03 ± 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.96 | |
| 96 | 0.38 | 0.19–0.58 | 1.14 ± 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.89 | |
| Camphene | 24 | 7.42 | 4.01–31.60 | 0.93 ± 0.22 | 0.77 | 0.86 |
| 48 | 3.28 | 1.99–9.33 | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.99 | |
| 72 | 1.54 | 0.97–2.75 | 0.81 ± 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.96 | |
| 96 | 0.92 | 0.49–1.47 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.96 | |
| Cinnamaldehyde | 24 | 7.06 | 4.07–23.17 | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.90 |
| 48 | 1.78 | 1.22–2.91 | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 1.38 | 0.71 | |
| 72 | 0.72 | 0.50–0.94 | 1.42 ± 0.22 | 3.47 | 0.33 | |
| 96 | 0.40 | 0.23–0.57 | 1.36 ± 0.23 | 2.19 | 0.53 | |
| Citral | 24 | 8.37 | 4.60–32.47 | 1.05 ± 0.23 | 1.21 | 0.75 |
| 48 | 4.53 | 2.74–12.86 | 0.92 ± 0.21 | 0.03 | 1.00 | |
| 72 | 1.77 | 1.23–2.86 | 1.01 ± 0.20 | 0.48 | 0.92 | |
| 96 | 0.61 | 0.32–0.91 | 0.96 ± 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.99 | |
| Geraniol | 24 | 3.32 | 2.26–6.31 | 1.11 ± 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.95 |
| 48 | 1.30 | 0.96–1.77 | 1.31 ± 0.21 | 1.34 | 0.72 | |
| 72 | 0.65 | 0.43–0.88 | 1.29 ± 0.21 | 2.06 | 0.56 | |
| 96 | 0.39 | 0.23–0.54 | 1.44 ± 0.24 | 2.24 | 0.52 | |
| L-carvone | 24 | 5.97 | 3.72–14.95 | 1.17 ± 0.23 | 1.43 | 0.70 |
| 48 | 2.74 | 1.94–4.61 | 1.18 ± 0.21 | 3.46 | 0.33 | |
| 72 | 1.27 | 0.87–1.90 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 3.14 | 0.37 | |
| 96 | 0.68 | 0.36–1.03 | 0.92 ± 0.20 | 2.04 | 0.56 | |
| L-limonene | 24 | 2.06 | 1.43–3.44 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 1.20 | 0.75 |
| 48 | 0.92 | 0.54–1.40 | 0.89 ± 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.96 | |
| 72 | 0.55 | 0.29–0.82 | 1.00 ± 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.98 | |
| 96 | 0.37 | 0.17–0.57 | 1.08 ± 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.97 | |
| L-menthol | 24 | 1.88 | 1.35–2.88 | 1.14 ± 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.98 |
| 48 | 1.16 | 0.82–1.64 | 1.14 ± 0.20 | 1.06 | 0.79 | |
| 72 | 0.44 | 0.21–0.67 | 1.04 ± 0.21 | 1.30 | 0.73 | |
| 96 | 0.39 | 0.19–0.57 | 1.18 ± 0.22 | 1.33 | 0.72 | |
| β-myrcene | 24 | 8.70 | 4.47–44.83 | 0.92 ± 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.97 |
| 48 | 1.98 | 1.32–3.55 | 0.92 ± 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.85 | |
| 72 | 0.52 | 0.30–0.75 | 1.16 ± 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.98 | |
| 96 | 0.37 | 0.22–0.51 | 1.54 ± 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.80 | |
| Ocimene | 24 | 5.08 | 3.35–10.72 | 1.26 ± 0.23 | 1.28 | 0.74 |
| 48 | 2.70 | 1.97–4.21 | 1.32 ± 0.21 | 1.69 | 0.64 | |
| 72 | 0.83 | 0.51–1.20 | 1.00 ± 0.20 | 2.27 | 0.52 | |
| 96 | 0.37 | 0.16–0.57 | 1.03 ± 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.93 | |
| α-Terpinene | 24 | 8.30 | 4.26–44.14 | 0.89 ± 0.22 | 0.02 | 1.00 |
| 48 | 2.17 | 1.47–3.83 | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 0.74 | 0.87 | |
| 72 | 0.97 | 0.67–1.35 | 1.15 ± 0.20 | 0.57 | 0.90 | |
| 96 | 0.53 | 0.31–0.75 | 1.19 ± 0.21 | 1.01 | 0.80 | |
| β-Terpinene | 24 | 9.93 | 5.01–53.63 | 0.96 ± 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.96 |
| 48 | 2.87 | 1.56–14.07 | 0.61 ± 0.19 | 0.02 | 1.00 | |
| 72 | 1.41 | 0.67–3.54 | 0.58 ± 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.99 | |
| 96 | 0.80 | 0.32–1.35 | 0.69 ± 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.99 | |
| Neem Baan (Azadirachtin 1,500 ppm) |
24 | 5.99 | 3.26–25.93 | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.49 | 0.92 |
| 48 | 3.21 | 1.80–13.23 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.43 | 0.94 | |
| 72 | 0.62 | 0.07–1.27 | 0.51 ± 0.19 | 0.01 | 1.00 | |
| 96 | 0.27 | 0.02–0.57 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.86 |