Table 4.
Vaccination improvement strategies associated with implementation of the Standards among clinicians and pharmacists who administer adult vaccines.
| Vaccination improvement strategies | Clinicians* (n = 3,962) |
Pharmacists† (n = 706) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Proportion‡ (95% CI) |
APR§ (95% CI) |
Proportion (95% CI) |
APRǁ (95% CI) |
|
| Presence of immunization champion | ||||
| Yes | 46.1 (43.4, 48.9) | 1.40 (1.26, 1.54) | 39.3 (34.2, 44.5) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.49) |
| No | 29.1 (26.8, 31.5) | reference | 32.0 (26.5, 38.0) | reference |
| Presence of standing orders/protocols | ||||
| Yes | 45.5 (43.0, 48.0) | 1.41 (1.27, 1.57) | 36.7 (32.8, 40.7) | 1.51 (0.79, 2.91)¶ |
| No | 27.1 (24.6, 29.8) | reference | 23.1 (10.9, 42.5)¶ | reference |
| Reminder-recall system in place | ||||
| Yes | 46.3 (43.6, 49.0) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.54) | 38.8 (33.1, 44.8) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) |
| No | 28.6 (26.2, 31.0) | reference | 33.9 (28.9, 39.1) | reference |
| Practice uses electronic health records | ||||
| Yes | 38.4 (36.5, 40.4) | 1.88 (1.39, 2.54) | 36.7 (32.8, 40.8) | 1.27 (0.74, 2.16) |
| No | 18.6 (13.2, 25.5) | reference | 29.4 (17.2, 45.4) | reference |
APR = adjusted prevalence ratio
Data for clinicians were obtained from the 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18 National Survey of Healthcare Providers Regarding Vaccination Practices for Adults, conducted for CDC by Abt Associates Inc.
Data for pharmacists were obtained from the 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18 National Survey of Pharmacists Regarding Vaccination Practices for Adults, conducted for CDC by Abt Associates Inc.
Weighted proportion calculated for implementing the Standards not adjusted for practice characteristics or vaccination improvement strategies.
Adjusted prevalence ratio, adjusted for practice setting, number of specialties at practice, medical specialty, practice size, total number of healthcare providers at practice, region, and number of ACIP-recommended adult vaccines stocked.
Adjusted prevalence ratio, adjusted for pharmacy setting, pharmacy size, total number of staff at practice, region, presence of an immunization champion, use of standing orders, use of reminder systems, and use of electronic medical records.
Estimate may be unreliable due to small sample size (n < 30) and relative standard error (standard error/estimates) > 0.3.