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. 2022 Nov 2;10(11):e005414. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005414

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Waterfall (left) and spider plots (right) are shown for clinical trial CheckMate 040 and as predicted by the proposed QSP model for HCC. (A) CheckMate 040, (B) monotherapy of nivolumab, (C) ipilimumab monotherapy, combination treatments for (D) arm A (E) arm B (F) arm C. The waterfall plots show the best percent change in tumor diameter from baseline for each patient in the trial. The spider plots show the per cent change in tumor diameter at each measurement time point (every 6 weeks) for 100 randomly selected virtual patient. CR, complete response; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; QSP, quantitative systems pharmacology; SD, stable disease.