Table 2.
Effect size measurements of differences by visit type, access to email, and survey responsiveness.
| Characteristics | Visit type | Access to email | Survey responsiveness | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
In-person only (n=15,759) | ≥1 virtual visit (n=26,435) | SMDa | Nonemailable (n=29,050) | Emailable (n=13,144) | SMD | Nonresponder (n=10,274) | Responder (n=2870) | SMD | ||||||||||||
| Age | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 60.9 (15.4) | 62 (15.5) | 0.072 | 61.9 (15.6) | 60.9 (15.4) | 0.063 | 60.1 (15.8) | 63.7 (13.4) | 0.241 | |||||||||||
|
|
Median (IQR) | 63.0 (52.0-72.0) | 64.0 (53.0-73.0) | —b | 64 (53-73) | 63 (52-72) | — | 62 (51-71) | 65 (56-73) | — | |||||||||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Female | 8353 (53) |
12,035 (45) | 0.15 | 13,798 (47) | 6590 (50) | 0.053 | 5077 (49) | 1513 (53) | 0.066 | |||||||||||
|
|
Male | 7406 (47) | 14,400 (55) | — | 15,252 (53) | 6554 (50) | — | 5197 (51) | 1357 (47) | — | |||||||||||
| Area type | — | — | 0.097 | — | — | 0.047 | — | — | 0.008 | ||||||||||||
| BTIPPEc (CAD $d)×1000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Mean (SD) | 60.9 (26.1) | 63.3 (28.6) | 0.09 | 62 (27.7) | 63.3 (27.8) | 0.045 | 62.5 (27.4) | 66.3 (29) | 0.137 | |||||||||||
|
|
Median (IQR) | 57.6 (45.4-70.8) | 58.8 (46.5- 73.4) | — | 58.1 (45.8-72.1) | 59 (46.8-73.4) | — | 58.4 (46.3-72.6) | 61.4 (49-76.5) | — | |||||||||||
|
|
Decile distribution | — | — | 0.088 | — | — | 0.068 | — | — | 0.182 | |||||||||||
| Low incomee, n (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
No | 14,816 (94) | 24,357 (92) | 0.074 | 26,993 (93) | 12,180 (93) | 0.01 | 9552 (93) | 2628 (92) | 0.053 | |||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 943 (6) | 2078 (8) | — | 2057 (7) | 964 (7) | — | 722 (7) | 242 (8) | — | |||||||||||
| Residential instabilityf | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Score, mean (SD) | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.055 | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.021 | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.4 (1.2) | 0.023 | |||||||||||
|
|
Quintile distribution | — | — | 0.071 | — | — | 0.022 | — | — | 0.046 | |||||||||||
| Economic dependencyf | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Score, mean (SD) | –0.1 (1.1) | –0.1 (1.1) | 0.009 | –0.1 (1.1) | –0.1 (1) | 0.046 | –0.1 (1) | –0.1 (1.1) | 0.045 | |||||||||||
|
|
Quintile distribution | — | — | 0.015 | — | — | 0.049 | — | — | 0.05 | |||||||||||
| Ethnocultural compositionf | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Score, mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.5 (1) | 0.012 | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.5 (1) | 0.006 | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.3 (1) | 0.186 | |||||||||||
|
|
Quintile distribution | — | — | 0.081 | — | — | 0.057 | — | — | 0.177 | |||||||||||
| Situational vulnerabilityf | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Score, mean (SD) | –0.3 (0.8) | –0.3 (0.8) | 0.069 | –0.3 (0.8) | –0.4 (0.7) | 0.078 | –0.3 (0.8) | –0.4 (0.7) | 0.156 | |||||||||||
|
|
Quintile distribution | — | — | 0.07 | — | — | 0.082 | — | — | 0.15 | |||||||||||
| Clinic type | — | — | 1.112 | — | — | 0.612 | — | — | 0.247 | ||||||||||||
aSMD: standardized mean difference.
bNot applicable.
cBTIPPE: before-tax neighborhood income per single-person equivalent.
dCAD $1=~US $0.75.
eLow-income status refers to neighborhood income per single-person equivalent below the Statistics Canada low-income cutoffs in 2016, based on area type (rural vs small vs medium vs large population center) and family size of one person.
fHigher factor scores and quintiles for correspond to more marginalized areas.