TABLE 5.

The Association Between Low Back Pain and Working Conditions in the WFH Setup

	Pain Free (n = 1335)	Mild Low Back Pain (n = 1937)				Severe Low Back Pain (n = 840)
	%	%	OR	95% CI	P	%	OR	95% CI	P
Sex
Male	54.8	43.5	1.00			42.3	1.00
Female	45.2	56.5	1.73	1.47–2.02	<0.001***	57.7	2.08	1.71–2.54	<0.001***
Age, y
<40	25.3	27.3	1.00			25.4	1.00
≥40, <50	39.0	40.2	0.92	0.77–1.10	0.377	36.5	0.87	0.70–1.10	0.250
≥50	35.7	32.5	0.91	0.75–1.10	0.314	38.1	1.14	0.90–1.44	0.284
Working time, h/d
≤7	28.2	24.7	1.00			22.4	1.00
>7, ≤8	32.1	32.0	1.30	1.08–1.57	0.007**	28.2	1.31	1.03–1.67	0.030*
>8, ≤9	19.3	21.4	1.61	1.29–2.00	<0.001***	21.9	1.89	1.44–2.48	<0.001***
>9	20.4	21.9	1.70	1.36–2.12	<0.001***	27.5	2.56	1.95–3.36	<0.001***
Desks
Work desk/PC desk	68.9	61.6	1.00			57.7	1.00
Dining table	16.4	19.1	1.16	0.92–1.48	0.215	20.7	1.25	0.93–1.67	0.133
Low table	10.6	13.7	0.68	0.45–1.03	0.068	14.8	0.86	0.53–1.41	0.556
Other tables	4.0	5.6	1.40	0.98–1.99	0.067	6.8	1.70	1.12–2.57	0.012*
Chair
Work chair	61.4	54.2	1.00			50.1	1.00
Dining chair	19.3	21.4	1.06	0.85–1.33	0.609	23.3	1.19	0.90–1.57	0.219
Sofa	2.0	2.2	1.11	0.66–1.86	0.709	3.1	1.49	0.82–2.69	0.190
Floor chair	4.3	6.1	2.26	1.40–3.65	<0.001***	6.5	2.29	1.29–4.04	0.004**
Floor cushion	4.0	7.1	2.67	1.61–4.42	<0.001***	6.8	2.29	1.26–4.16	0.007**
Other chairs	9.0	9.0	1.10	0.83–1.44	0.517	10.1	1.22	0.88–1.71	0.239
Computer
Desktop computer	24.4	23.8	1.00			21.4	1.00
Laptop computer	47.7	51.0	1.09	0.91–1.31	0.352	51.2	1.13	0.90–1.43	0.299
Laptop computer with additional monitor	24.9	22.9	0.95	0.78–1.17	0.646	24.6	1.10	0.85–1.43	0.462
Other computers	3.0	2.3	0.84	0.53–1.34	0.465	2.7	1.08	0.62–1.90	0.784

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.