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. 2022 Jul 7;64(11):970–975. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002623

TABLE 3.

Changes in Work Conditions by Degree of Working From Home and Sex (%, 95% Confidence Intervals)

Working From Home
Mainly Sometimes Not at All
Sex Female Male Female Male Female Male
N 1322 938 618 442 944 721
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
Workload
 Increased 40.8 (39.1–42.7) 28.8 (26.9–30.8) 37.1 (34.6–39.8) 28.5 (25.7–31.4) 41.1 (37.3–45.0) 28.7 (24.7–33.1)
 Decreased 12.8 (11.6–14.1) 15.4 (13.9–17.0) 12.0 (10.4–13.9) 15.0 (12.9–17.5) 14.1 (11.5–17.1) 16.1 (12.9–19.8)
Support when needed
 Increased 12.0 (10.8–13.2) 9.8 (8.6–11.2) 10.7 (9.2–12.5) 10.3 (8.5–12.5) 12.0 (9.6–14.8) 9.0 (6.7–12.1)
 Decreased 17.6 (16.3–19.1) 13.6 (12.2–15.1) 20.0 (18.0–22.3) 17.0 (14.7–19.5) 14.9 (12.3–17.9) 14.9 (11.9–18.6)
Cooperation at the workplace
 Increased 16.7 (15.4–18.1) 13.9 (12.5–15.4) 13.3 (11.6–15.3) 12.3 (10.3–14.5) 17.0 (14.2–20.2) 16.5 (13.3–20.3)
 Decreased 24.5 (23.0–26.2) 23.0 (21.3–24.9) 35.9 (33.3–38.5) 35.3 (32.3–38.4) 19.9 (16.9–23.2) 19.5 (16.0–23.4)
Participation at the workplace
 Increased 13.4 (12.2–14.7) 11.6 (10.3–13.1) 11.3 (9.7–13.1) 10.2 (8.4–12.3) 15.4 (12.7–18.4) 14.0 (11.1–17.6)
 Decreased 24.3 (22.8–25.9) 19.3 (17.7–21.1) 34.8 (32.3–37.4) 30.4 (27.5–33.4) 18.8 (15.9–22.1) 15.6 (12.5–19.3)
Influence and control over one's own work
 Increased 17.3 (16.0–18.7) 16.1 (14.6–17.7) 21.8 (19.6–24.1) 20.1 (17.7–22.8) 15.9 (13.2–19.0) 16.1 (12.9–19.8)
 Decreased 9.0 (8.0–10.1) 6.1 (5.2–7.3) 7.2 (5.9–8.7) 6.4 (5.0–8.2) 8.7 (6.7–11.2) 4.5 (2.9–6.9)
Possibility to balance work and private life
 Increased 24.1 (22.6–25.7) 24.7 (22.9–26.5) 41.6 (39.0–44.3) 43.0 (39.8–46.2) 15.2 (12.6–18.3) 15.6 (12.5–19.3)
 Decreased 14.1 (12.9–15.4) 10.1 (8.9–11.5) 11.3 (9.7–13.2) 9.1 (7.4–11.1) 13.9 (11.4–16.9) 9.5 (7.1–12.6)