TABLE 3.
Distribution of Structural Characteristics, Nurse Characteristics, and Nursing Process Indicators and Their Bivariate Associations With Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (EBMF) Rates
| Variables | Mean | SD | EBMF rate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | 95% CI | SE | p | |||
| Nurse respondent characteristics | ||||||
| Mean age | 41.12 | 5.30 | 0.004 | [−0.001, 0.008] | 0.002 | .101 |
| Mean year of experience as an L&B RN | 12.74 | 4.41 | 0.004 | [−0.002, 0.009] | 0.003 | .170 |
| Proportion of nurses with BSN or above | 0.66 | 0.21 | 0.011 | [−0.01, 0.215] | 0.057 | .076 |
| Structural characteristics | ||||||
| Nurse staffing (1–4) | 3.06 | 0.49 | 0.141 | [0.097, 0.183] | 0.022 | <.001 |
| Safety climate (1–5) | 4.12 | 0.4 | 0.051 | [−0.008, 0.110] | 0.030 | .091 |
| Annual birth volume (/1,000) | 1.94 | 1.91 | −0.014 | [−0.027, −0.002] | 0.006 | .019 |
| Nursing process indicators | ||||||
| Sum missed care score (1–25) | 11.12 | 3.17 | −0.014 | [−0.021, −0.007] | 0.004 | <.001 |
| Missed skin-to-skin mother baby care after birth (0–1) | 0.25 | 0.19 | −0.427 | [−0.534, −0.321] | 0.053 | <.001 |
| Missed breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth (0–1) | 0.38 | 0.23 | −0.307 | [−0.400, −0.213] | 0.047 | <.001 |
| Missed recovery care (0–1) | 0.43 | 0.23 | −0.157 | [−0.257, −0.057] | 0.051 | .002 |
Note. Coefficients, SEs, and p-values reported from bivariate regressions predicting EBMF and for bivariate association between nurse staffing and missed nursing care. Birth volumes in each hospital were divided by 1,000 to calibrate the coefficients and 95% CI better. CI = confidence interval; L&B = labor and birth; RN = registered nurse; BSN = Bachelor of Science in Nursing.