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a, Variations of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the pretreatment systems with different periodate (PI) levels. b, ESR spectra of TEMP-1O2 and DMPO-•OH adducts in water, and DMPO-•O2− adduct in methanol. c, The schematic illustration of PI pretreatment. Asterisks (∗) indicate the significant differences with control (one-way ANOVA). ∗P < 0.05, significant; ∗∗P < 0.01, highly significant.
