a–b, Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra of mixed matrix of model lignocellulose and humus without PI (a) and with PI treatment (b). c, UV absorption spectra of mixed matrix of model lignocellulose and humus. d, Daily methane production from model lignocellulose and humus with and without PI treatment. Note: the dosage of PI was equal to the fermenter with 75 mg PI per g TS pretreatment. ∗P < 0.05, significant; ∗∗P < 0.01, highly significant.