Table 2.

Mixed effects ordinal logistic regression of diagnostic intensity tertile on disproportionate share hospital ratio

	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Ten percentage point increase in DSH ratio	0.56	0.42–0.74	< 0.0001
Teaching status
Major teaching hospital (referent)
Minor teaching hospital	1.15	0.56–2.35	0.71
Non-teaching hospital	1.41	0.65–3.08	0.39
Mean Elixhauser comorbidity score	1.13	0.98–1.30	0.11
Total hospital beds	1.00	1.00–1.00	0.47
Ownership category
Government owned (referent)
Church operated	1.02	0.50–2.07	0.96
Non-government, non-profit	1.61	0.96–2.70	0.07
Investor owned, for profit	1.15	0.53–2.53	0.72

Multivariable mixed effects ordinal regression with tertile of diagnostic intensity index as the outcome variable and ten percentage point increase in DSH ratio as the predictor variable of interest, controlling for teaching status, Elixhauser comorbidity score, total hospital beds, hospital ownership category, and state random effects

CI confidence interval, DSH disproportionate share hospital