TABLE 2.

Association between Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score at t1 and CES-D ≥ 17 at t1 and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at t2 for the total sample and stratified by sex.

Relative risk for incident MCI at t2
No MCI at t2	Incident MCI at t2	CES-D1 score at t1	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted (1) RR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted (2) RR (95% CI)	P-value
Total1
n = 1392	n = 146	Increase by one point	1.052 (1.030–1.074)	<0.001	1.054 (1.032–1.077)	<0.001	1.053 (1.031–1.076)	<0.001
Men
n = 651	n = 71	Increase by one point	1.044 (1.010–1.078)	0.010	1.046 (1.013–1.081)	0.006	1.046 (1.012–1.081)	0.007
Women
n = 741	n = 75	Increase by one point	1.060 (1.031–1.089)	<0.001	1.061 (1.031–1.091)	<0.001	1.059 (1.029–1.090)	<0.001
		CES-D1 ≥ 17 at t1
Total1
n = 1301	n = 126	No	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
n = 91	n = 20	Yes	2.04 (1.27–3.27)	0.003	2.24 (1.39–3.61)	0.001	2.22 (1.38–3.58)	0.001
Men
n = 616	n = 66	No	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
n = 35	n = 5	Yes	1.29 (0.52–3.21)	0.58	N/A2		N/A2
Women
n = 685	n = 60	No	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
n = 56	n = 15	Yes	2.62 (1.49–4.62)	0.001	2.68 (1.52–4.73)	0.001	2.59 (1.46–4.58)	0.001

MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval, N/A, not applicable.

Data are from log-linear regression models with a Poisson working likelihood; significant p-values are presented in bold.

(1) Adjusted for age at t1, sex (only for the total sample calculations: male/female) and years of education (≤10 years, 11–13 years, 14–17 years, ≥18 years).

(2) Additionally adjusted for diabetes mellitus at t1 (yes/no), history of coronary heart disease at t1 (yes/no) and history of stroke at t1 (yes/no).

¹Missing values for n = 9 participants.

²No calculation due to small sample sizes of incident MCI cases.