FIGURE 2.

Overview of causal effects of risk factors on asthma risk in Mendelian randomization studies. Meta‐analysis was performed when two or more studies investigated the same risk factor on a comparable scale. Diamonds represent summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals. Squares represent individual studies with the 95% confidence interval represented by the line passing through the square. The solid vertical line represents the reference line of no risk (relative risk = 1). † Meta‐analysis of studies investigating different forms of the interleukin 6 receptor. Folkersen et al investigated the interleukin 6 receptor alpha subunit, while Rosa, McGowan, and Raita et al. based their MR studies on measurements of the soluble form of the interleukin 6 receptor. For information on the individual meta‐analysis please see Supplementary Figures 2–9