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. 2022 Oct 25;13:978745. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.978745

Table 3.

Linear association of WHR with lipid parameters.

WHR
Model 1: coefficient (95% CI) P Model 2: coefficient (95% CI) P
Lipoprotein particle concentration
 VLDL particles
  Total 0.024 (0.018 to 0.030) <0.0001 0.010 (0.004 to 0.016) 0.001
  Large 0.021 (0.014 to 0.029) <0.0001 0.0071 (0.0001 to 0.0141) 0.047
  Medium 0.022 (0.016 to 0.028) <0.0001 0.008 (0.003 to 0.014) 0.005
  Small 0.024 (0.018 to 0.031) <0.0001 0.010 (0.004 to 0.016) 0.001
  Cholesterol 0.005 (0.003 to 0.007) <0.0001 0.0012 (-0.0005 to 0.0029) 0.16
  Triglyceride 0.028 (0.021 to 0.036) <0.0001 0.012 (0.005 to 0.019) 0.0009
 IDL particles
  Cholesterol 0.002 (-0.0003 to 0.003) 0.10 -0.0001 (-0.0017 to 0.0016) 0.94
  Triglyceride 0.004 (0.001 to 0.007) 0.012 0.001 (-0.002 to 0.004) 0.45
 LDL particles
  Total 0.001 (-0.007 to 0.009) 0.78 0.001 (-0.006 to 0.008) 0.80
  Large 0.002 (-0.006 to 0.010) 0.56 0.003 (-0.004 to 0.010) 0.41
  Medium -0.002 (-0.010 to 0.006) 0.60 -0.0004 (-0.0072 to 0.0064) 0.91
  Small 0.002 (-0.006 to 0.010) 0.58 0.001 (-0.006 to 0.008) 0.76
  Cholesterol -0.001 (-0.008 to 0.006) 0.83 0.0004 (-0.0055 to 0.0063) 0.90
  Triglyceride 0.001 (-0.002 to 0.003) 0.57 0.0005 (-0.0015 to 0.0024) 0.64
 HDL particles
  Total -0.011 (-0.018 to -0.004) 0.003 -0.006 (-0.012 to 0.000) 0.039
  Large -0.001 (-0.006 to 0.004) 0.72 -0.0004 (-0.0047 to 0.0039) 0.85
  Medium -0.013 (-0.020 to -0.007) <0.0001 -0.007 (-0.013 to -0.002) 0.013
  Small -0.009 (-0.016 to -0.002) 0.011 -0.0057 (-0.0116 to 0.0003) 0.063
  Cholesterol -0.034 (-0.045 to -0.023) <0.0001 -0.016 (-0.026 to -0.006) 0.002
  Triglyceride 0.004 (0.002 to 0.006) 0.001 0.0016 (-0.0002 to 0.0033) 0.081
Particle size
  VLDL -0.026 (-0.036 to -0.015) <0.0001 -0.016 (-0.026 to -0.007) 0.0005
  LDL -0.017 (-0.049 to 0.015) 0.30 0.010 (-0.017 to 0.037) 0.47
  HDL -0.330 (-0.482 to -0.178) <0.0001 -0.107 (-0.241 to 0.028) 0.12
 Conventional lipid measures
  Total cholesterol 0.021 (-0.002 to 0.043) 0.068 0.015 (-0.004 to 0.034) 0.13
  LDL cholesterol 0.015 (0.000 to 0.030) 0.049 0.007 (-0.005 to 0.020) 0.25
  HDL cholesterol -0.043 (-0.059 to -0.027) <0.0001 -0.011 (-0.026 to 0.004) 0.14
  Remnant cholesterol 0.027 (0.018 to 0.035) <0.0001 0.009 (0.001 to 0.017) 0.024
  Non-HDL cholesterol 0.030 (0.015 to 0.045) 0.0001 0.0128 (-0.0005 to 0.0260) 0.059
  Triglyceride 0.027 (0.018 to 0.036) <0.0001 0.009 (0.001 to 0.017) 0.027

For model 1, coefficients were adjusted for sex, age, current smoking, current alcohol assumption, blood glucose, while for model 2 coefficients were additionally adjusted for BMI. Coefficients were calculated for a doubling of the lipid concentration or 1 nm increment of the averaged lipoprotein particle size. Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.