(A) Immunofluorescence of cocultured cells on scaffolds. OCN was labelled with green dye; the red dye represented CD31; and DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. CO, EC and HB represented the cocultured cells, monocultured hBMSCs and monocultured HUVECs, respectively. The scale bar was 200 μm (B) Gene expression levels of integrin subunits α2, α5, αv and β1 after 12 h of culture. Before extracting RNA, Dynabeads (Dynabeads™ CD31 Endothelial Cell 11155D, Life, USA) was utilized to isolate hBMSCs and HUVECs. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)