Bactericidal assays. Bacteria (105/ml) were incubated in twofold NHS dilutions or in buffer alone (control) for 1 h at 37°C. The strains are given above each graph. The experiments were repeated at least four times, yielding comparable results. A representative experiment is shown. •, wild type; ○, wild type grown in the presence of CMP-NANA; ▴, lst mutant; ■, galE mutant.