Table 2.
Carbon dioxide emission associations.
| Variables | Dependent Variable: Carbon Dioxide Emission Associations |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | Fixed Effect | Random Effect | Robust Fixed Effect | |
| GDP | .0214115∗∗∗ | .0001136 | .0009524 | .0214115∗∗∗ |
| (.0076943) | (.0019855) | (.0020939) | (.0076043) | |
| ITA | 1.09e-07∗∗∗ | 3.20e-08∗∗∗ | 2.82e-08∗∗∗ | 1.09e-07∗∗∗ |
| (1.08e-08) | (7.00e-09) | (7.12e-09) | (1.07e-08) | |
| POP | -7.91e-09∗∗∗ | - 4.51e-11 | -2.03e-09 | -7.91e-09∗∗∗ |
| (1.32e-09) | (2.12e-09) | (2.03e-09) | (1.30e-09) | |
| EC | .0030129∗∗∗ | .0024378∗∗∗ | .0027228∗∗∗ | .0030129∗∗∗ |
| (.0000556) | (.0001162) | (.0000983) | (.000055) | |
| Constant | -.8744887∗∗∗ | -.3492584∗∗∗ | -.4367587∗∗∗ | -.8744887∗∗∗ |
| (.0626703) | (.0935598) | (.1439436) | (.0619373) | |
| R-squared | 0.9570 | 0.9456 | 0.9460 | |
| Multicollinearity | 1.29 | |||
| Heteroscedasticity chi2 | 0.7405 | |||
| Normality | .3082 | |||
| Prob > F | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | |||
| Hausman Test | 0.0000 | |||
| Autocorrelation | 0.0000 | |||
| Heteroscedasticity chi2 | 0.0000 | |||
| N | 215 | 215 | 215 | 215 |
Notes: Standard errors in parenthesis. The ∗, ∗∗, and ∗∗∗ represent 10%, 5% and 1% of significance level, respectively or ∗∗∗p < .01, ∗∗p < .05, ∗p < .1: GDP is GDP per capita growth (annual %), lnITA is International tourism, number of arrivals, POP is Population (total population) and EC is Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita).