Table 4.
Hazard ratios of head and neck cancer and its subtypes according to smoking amount
| subsites | Smoking status | Pack-year | N | Event | Incidence Rate | Model 1 | P value | Model 2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head and neck cancer | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 4273 | 0.08969 | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 229 | 0.1451 | 1.066 (0.931, 1.221) | 1.068 (0.933, 1.223) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 704 | 0.16201 | 1.098 (1.008, 1.195) | 1.098 (1.008, 1.195) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 1306 | 0.26438 | 1.405 (1.312, 1.504) | 1.4 (1.307, 1.499) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 360 | 0.16111 | 1.410 (1.262, 1.574) | 1.408 (1.261, 1.573) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 1392 | 0.15911 | 1.607 (1.502, 1.720) | 1.603 (1.497, 1.715) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 2468 | 0.26043 | 2.129 (2.007, 2.259) | 2.115 (1.993, 2.244) | ||||
| Larynx | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 682 | 0.01431 | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 54 | 0.0342 | 1.066 (0.806, 1.409) | 1.066 (0.806, 1.41) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 201 | 0.04624 | 1.352 (1.150, 1.590) | 1.347 (1.145, 1.584) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 464 | 0.09388 | 2.032 (1.795, 2.300) | 2.013 (1.778, 2.279) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 125 | 0.05593 | 2.138 (1.761, 2.596) | 2.129 (1.753, 2.585) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 474 | 0.05416 | 2.712 (2.393, 3.075) | 2.693 (2.375, 3.053) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 972 | 0.10252 | 4.121 (3.694, 4.597) | 4.064 (3.642, 4.535) | ||||
| Sinonasal cavity | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 280 | 0.005876 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.1104 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.1104 | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 8 | 0.005066 | 0.698 (0.342, 1.425) | 0.701 (0.344, 1.432) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 27 | 0.00621 | 0.788 (0.518, 1.198) | 0.791 (0.52, 1.203) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 59 | 0.011934 | 1.194 (0.872, 1.636) | 1.192 (0.87, 1.634) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 15 | 0.00671 | 1.065 (0.625, 1.814) | 1.067 (0.626, 1.818) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 59 | 0.006741 | 1.199 (0.874, 1.646) | 1.203 (0.876, 1.652) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 91 | 0.009595 | 1.371 (1.034, 1.819) | 1.372 (1.033, 1.822) | ||||
| Hypopharynx | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 271 | 0.005687 | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 14 | 0.008866 | 0.699 (0.407, 1.2) | 0.704 (0.410, 1.208) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 46 | 0.010581 | 0.799 (0.581, 1.1) | 0.803 (0.583, 1.105) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 133 | 0.026904 | 1.493 (1.201, 1.855) | 1.488 (1.197, 1.85) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 46 | 0.020578 | 1.776 (1.291, 2.443) | 1.768 (1.285, 2.432) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 127 | 0.01451 | 1.693 (1.353, 2.118) | 1.682 (1.344, 2.106) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 292 | 0.030791 | 2.855 (2.370, 3.439) | 2.82 (2.34, 3.4) | ||||
| Oropharynx | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 685 | 0.014375 | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 45 | 0.028501 | 1.076 (0.792, 1.462) | 1.077 (0.792, 1.463) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 142 | 0.032665 | 1.111 (0.919, 1.344) | 1.109 (0.917, 1.342) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 231 | 0.046731 | 1.263 (1.076, 1.483) | 1.256 (1.07, 1.475) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 60 | 0.026842 | 1.239 (0.946, 1.622) | 1.237 (0.945, 1.62) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 263 | 0.030051 | 1.516 (1.297, 1.773) | 1.511 (1.292, 1.768) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 388 | 0.040916 | 1.681 (1.459, 1.938) | 1.669 (1.448, 1.924) | ||||
| Oral cavity | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 1172 | 0.024596 | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | 1 (Ref.) | <.0001* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 49 | 0.031035 | 1.121 (0.836, 1.503) | 1.123 (0.838, 1.506) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 143 | 0.032895 | 1.117 (0.925, 1.349) | 1.116 (0.924, 1.348) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 191 | 0.038638 | 1.067 (0.9, 1.265) | 1.06 (0.894, 1.257) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 61 | 0.027289 | 1.143 (0.878, 1.489) | 1.138 (0.874, 1.482) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 234 | 0.026737 | 1.288 (1.099, 1.511) | 1.278 (1.089, 1.499) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 375 | 0.039545 | 1.598 (1.387, 1.84) | 1.575 (1.367, 1.85) | ||||
| Nasopharynx | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 492 | 0.010325 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.0449* | 1 (Ref.) | 0.0449* | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 30 | 0.019 | 1.216 (0.834, 1.773) | 1.221 (0.837, 1.779) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 81 | 0.018632 | 1.065 (0.829, 1.369) | 1.069 (0.832, 1.374) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 126 | 0.025488 | 1.255 (1.012, 1.556) | 1.254 (1.011, 1.556) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 33 | 0.014763 | 1.094 (0.763, 1.569) | 1.098 (0.765, 1.575) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 134 | 0.01531 | 1.124 (0.908, 1.390) | 1.128 (0.912, 1.396) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 205 | 0.021617 | 1.380 (1.142, 1.667) | 1.38 (1.141, 1.668) | ||||
| Salivary gland | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 5772362 | 733 | 0.015383 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.0701 | 1 (Ref.) | 0.0701 | ||
| Ex-smoker | <10 | 192061 | 31 | 0.019634 | 1.336 (0.923, 1.935) | 1.337 (0.923, 1.936) | |||
| <20 | 527968 | 72 | 0.016562 | 1.077 (0.827, 1.402) | 1.079 (0.829, 1.405) | ||||
| ≥20 | 605423 | 117 | 0.023668 | 1.3 (1.04, 1.625) | 1.3 (1.04, 1.626) | ||||
| Current smoker | <10 | 274587 | 27 | 0.012078 | 0.916 (0.619, 1.357) | 0.921 (0.622, 1.364) | |||
| <20 | 1065782 | 120 | 0.013711 | 1.152 (0.924, 1.437) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.447) | ||||
| ≥20 | 1159902 | 173 | 0.018242 | 1.323 (1.082, 1.617) | 1.331 (1.088, 1.629) | ||||
Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years. Model 1: Age, sex, income, BMI, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, diabetes, and hypertension. Model 2: Age, sex, income, BMI, waist circumference, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, HDL level, LDL level, and triglyceride level.
*
Significant at p<0.05.