Table 4.

Observational studies investigating DAL scores in plant-based cohorts

Study (year)	Location	Participants	Results	Comments
Deriemaeker et al.(133)	Belgium	n 60 participants, thereof n 30 vegetarians and n 30 non-vegetarians matched for age, sex and BMI	PRALR: −10⋅9 ± 19⋅7 in vegetarians and 13⋅8 ± 17⋅1 in non-vegetarians NEAPR: 31⋅4 ± 21⋅4 in vegetarians and 56⋅4 ± 21⋅2 in non-vegetarians	NEAPF was not determined as part of the study
Ströhle et al.(23)	Germany	n 154 participants, thereof n 56 moderate vegans and n 98 strict vegans. All participants were non-obese, non-smoking adults aged 19–50 years	PRALR: −39⋅0 ± 29⋅0 in strict vegans and −46⋅5 ± 29⋅6 in moderate vegans NEAPF: 16⋅3 ± 6⋅73 in strict vegans and −12⋅6 ± 7⋅46 in moderate vegans NEAPR: 2⋅41 ± 29⋅3 in strict vegans and −6⋅19 ± 30⋅01 in moderate vegans	Secondary data analysis from the German Vegan Study Calcium was not included in the algorithm
Knurick et al.(134)	United States of America	n 82 participants, thereof n 27 meat eaters, n 27 lacto-ovo-vegetarians and n 28 vegans. All participants were non-obese, non-smoking adults aged 19–50 years with at least 1 year of dietary adherence	PRALR: −15⋅2 ± 40⋅5 in vegans, −1⋅5 ± 23⋅9 in vegetarians and 19⋅6 ± 24⋅3 in omnivores	NEAPF and NEAPR were not determined as part of the study
Storz et al.(12)	United States of America	n 191 self-perceived lacto-ovo-vegetarians aged 18 years or older	PRALR: −0⋅44 (−12⋅19 to 11⋅01) NEAPF: 39⋅60 (31⋅48 to 52⋅07) NEAPR: 41⋅30 (28⋅63 to 52⋅49)	Secondary data analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

DAL, dietary acid load; NEAP, net endogenous acid production; PRAL, potential renal acid load.