Table 2. Hazard Ratios (HRs) for Mortality Among Middle-aged US Adults Derived From Weibull Models, 1992 to 2018.
| Variable | Model adjustment, HR (95% CI)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No SES variables | Income | Educational attainment | Wealth | Wealth, income, and educational attainment | |
| Age, y | |||||
| At study entry | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.99 (0.99-0.99) | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.99 (0.99-1.00) | 0.99 (0.99-0.99) |
| At study entry squared | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) |
| Men (vs women) | 1.54 (1.49-1.60) | 1.62 (1.57-1.69) | 1.57 (1.51-1.63) | 1.55 (1.49-1.61) | 1.60 (1.54-1.66) |
| Married or partnered (vs unpartnered) | 0.71 (0.68-0.75) | 0.92 (0.87-0.96) | 0.73 (0.70-0.76) | 0.87 (0.82-0.91) | 0.94 (0.89-1.00) |
| No. of household residents | 1.02 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 1.01 (0.98-1.03) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) | 0.99 (0.97-1.02) |
| Black (vs White) | 1.26 (1.18-1.34) | 1.09 (1.02-1.16) | 1.12 (1.05-1.20) | 1.00 (0.92-1.08) | 0.95 (0.87-1.03) |
| Wealth decile (range) (vs first decile, <$1234) | |||||
| 2 ($1234-$24 437) | NA | NA | NA | 0.78 (0.70-0.87) | 0.82 (0.74-0.91) |
| 3 ($24 438-$65 006) | NA | NA | NA | 0.66 (0.60-0.73) | 0.72 (0.65-0.79) |
| 4 ($65 007-$116 068) | NA | NA | NA | 0.61 (0.55-0.68) | 0.69 (0.62-0.76) |
| 5 ($116 069-$182 538) | NA | NA | NA | 0.54 (0.49-0.60) | 0.62 (0.55-0.69) |
| 6 ($182 539-$273 594) | NA | NA | NA | 0.53 (0.48-0.58) | 0.63 (0.57-0.71) |
| 7 ($273 595-$409 042) | NA | NA | NA | 0.48 (0.43-0.54) | 0.59 (0.52-0.67) |
| 8 ($409 043-$635 181) | NA | NA | NA | 0.44 (0.40-0.49) | 0.57 (0.51-0.64) |
| 9 ($635 182-$1 861 188) | NA | NA | NA | 0.39 (0.36-0.43) | 0.54 (0.49-0.60) |
| 10 (≥$1 861 189) | NA | NA | NA | 0.39 (0.25-0.44) | 0.59 (0.52-0.68) |
| Income decile (range) (vs first decile, <$12 034) | |||||
| 2 ($12 034-$18 974) | NA | 0.82 (0.76-0.89) | NA | NA | 0.85 (0.78-0.92) |
| 3 ($18 975-$26 956) | NA | 0.73 (0.66-0.81) | NA | NA | 0.81 (0.73-0.89) |
| 4 ($26 957-$35 913) | NA | 0.66 (0.59-0.73) | NA | NA | 0.77 (0.69-0.87) |
| 5 ($35 914-$46 492) | NA | 0.63 (0.57-0.70) | NA | NA | 0.79 (0.71-0.87) |
| 6 ($46 493-$59 831) | NA | 0.55 (0.49-0.61) | NA | NA | 0.70 (0.62-0.79) |
| 7 ($59 832-$77 795) | NA | 0.49 (0.44-0.55) | NA | NA | 0.64 (0.56-0.73) |
| 8 ($77 796-$104 632) | NA | 0.47 (0.43-0.51) | NA | NA | 0.64 (0.57-0.71) |
| 9 ($104 633-$156 934) | NA | 0.37 (0.33-0.42) | NA | NA | 0.53 (0.46-0.60) |
| 10 (≥$156 935) | NA | 0.34 (0.31-0.38) | NA | NA | 0.51 (0.44-0.58) |
| Educational level (vs less than high school diploma) | |||||
| GED or high school diploma | NA | NA | 0.77 (0.74-0.80) | NA | 0.89 (0.85-0.94) |
| Some college | NA | NA | 0.71 (0.63-0.80) | NA | 0.90 (0.78-1.04) |
| Bachelor’s degree | NA | NA | 0.55 (0.51-0.60) | NA | 0.74 (0.68-0.81) |
| Graduate degree | NA | NA | 0.48 (0.44-0.53) | NA | 0.70 (0.63-0.77) |
Abbreviations: GED, General Educational Development; NA, not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
All values were calculated based on weighted populations. The 95% CIs were calculated using appropriate strata and cluster variables to account for the Health and Retirement Study’s complex design.