Table 1.

Participants’ characteristics. Values are given as mean (sd.).

	Women				Men
	25–40 years (n = 44)		55–75 years (n = 60)		25–40 years (n = 36)		55–75 years (n = 60)
	Normal	Obese	Normal	Obese	Normal	Obese	Normal	Obese
BMI, kg/cm2	22.4 (1.5)***	35.4 (4.2)***	22.9 (1.5)***	35.9 (5.0)***	23.0 (1.3)***	32.9 (2.6)***	23.4 (1.2)***	34.6 (4.0)***
Height, cm	167.1 (6.8)	164.5 (7.3)	161.1 (4.3)	160.6 (4.0)	178.4 (7.0)	180.4 (6.7)	175.5 (6.4)	176.1 (7.5)
Whole body fat mass, kg	19.4 (2.7)***	42.8 (8.5)***	20.3 (3.6)***	41.9 (9.5)***	14.9 (2.7)***	35.0 (5.6)***	16.6 (2.9)***	36.6 (7.6)***
Whole body lean mass, kg	39.1 (4.1)***	48.8 (6.8)***	35.2 (3.7)***	46.3 (4.6)***	53.9 (6.7)***	66.7 (7.9)***	50.7 (4.8)***	65.0 (6.7)***
SAT, g/cm3	35.9 (11.1)***	110.6 (27.7)***	42.6 (10.5)***	98.3 (29.6)***	26.3 (8.4)***	79.2 (21.0)***	34.2 (9.2)***	79.3 (24.1)***
VAT, g/cm3	12.1 (5.5)***	40.8 (10.0)***	23.0 (9.2)***	48.6 (16.8)***	21.5 (7.8)***	53.5 (16.1)***	34.8 (14.0)***	80.7 (15.8)***
VAT/SAT ratio	0.34 (0.1)	0.38 (0.1)	0.54 (0.2)	0.53 (0.2)	0.85 (0.3)	0.71 (0.2)	1.06 (0.5)	1.12 (0.4)
Whole body aBMD, g/cm2	1.112  (0.09)	1.116  (0.06)	1.006 (0.10)**	1.129  (0.13)**	1.166  (0.08)	1.211  (0.10)	1.100  (0.10)**	1.195  (0.13)**
Lumbar spine aBMD, g/cm2	1.049  (0.14)	1.097  (0.10)	0.888  (0.11)***	1.090  (0.12)***	1.007  (0.11)*	1.086  (0.12)*	0.958  (0.13)***	1.123  (0.16)***
Total hip aBMD, g/cm2	0.940 (0.09)***	1.060 (0.08)***	0.810 (0.07)***	1.010 (0.12)***	0.990 (0.13)**	1.120 (0.12)**	0.930 (0.14)***	1.100 (0.15)***
Distal tibia vBMD, mgHA/cm3	308.9 (36.3)*	336.3  (47.6)*	255.0  (42.5)***	316.8  (49.8)***	332.5  (36.6)***	378.6  (31.3)***	283.9  (49.9)*	328.0  (50.9)*
Distal tibia cortical vBMD, mgHA/cm3	998 (33)	1004 (28)	837 (80)***	922 (62)***	974 (50)	970 (35)	887 (82)	914 (57)
Distal tibia cortical thickness, mma	1.16 (0.2)*	1.30 (0.22)*	0.81 (0.23)***	1.16 (0.2)***	1.37 (0.25)*	1.54 (0.22)*	1.08 (0.25)**	1.30 (0.31)
Distal tibia trabecular vBMD, mgHA/cm3	172 (27)	187 (32)	167 (31)***	197 (37)***	198 (29)***	238 (22) ***	181 (33)**	205 (36)**
Distal tibia trabecular number, 1/mm	1.87 (0.30)*	2.07 (0.28)*	1.79 (0.30)***	2.09 (0.36)***	1.88 (0.29)***	2.30 (0.26)***	1.81 (0.21)***	2.24 (0.34)***
Distal radius vBMD, mgHA/cm3	293.6 (56.4)	312.1  (45.7)	259.7  (63.3)***	326.2  (47.9)***	325.8  (37.0)	336.9  (40.0)	273.9  (55.8)**	324.1  (50.7)**
Distal radius cortical vBMD, mgHA/cm3	1013 (34)	1014 (31)	940 (62)*	975 (50)*	981 (37)	960 (38)	951 (54)	932 (104)
Distal radius cortical thickness, mma	0.69 (0.15)	0.75 (0.12)	0.53 (0.21)***	0.73 (0.15)***	0.75 (0.18)	0.79 (0.17)	0.65 (0.21)**	0.78 (0.17)**
Distal radius trabecular vBMD, mgHA/cm3	150 (32)	164 (29)	142 (30)***	179 (37)***	194 (26)	210 (22)	163 (29)***	201 (36)***
Distal radius trabecular number, 1/mm	1.94 (0.34)*	2.11 (0.17)*	1.81 (0.32)***	2.21 (0.34)***	2.06 (0.28)*	2.28 (0.20)*	2.02 (0.24)***	2.30 (0.24)***
CTX, ng/mL	0.329 (0.10)	0.299 (0.10)	0.441 (0.18)**	0.328 (0.10)**	0.476 (0.13)*	0.385 (0.14)*	0.381 (0.15)**	0.270 (0.14)**
PINP, ng/mL	43.5  (12.5)	39.7  (13.4)	51.7  (19.7)*	41.7 (12.2)*	66.6  (36.5)	52.7  (21.2)	42.5  (18.7)	35.1  (14.9)

^aDerived measurement method (Whittier et al. (29)). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (comparison of OB vs NW in each age and gender group).

aBMD, areal bone mineral density; CTX, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide; PINP, type 1 procollagen N-terminal peptide; SAT, subcutaneous abdominal tissue; VAT, visceral abdominal tissue; vBMD, volumetric bone mineral density.