Table 2.

Odds ratio of poor cognitive performance for various BMI (or BFP, WC, WHR) categories compared to the healthy BMI (or BFP, WC, WHR) group ( P -values with false discovery rates < 5% are shown in bold)

Definition of obesity	Male participants			Female participants
	Odds ratio 1	95% C.I.	P-value	Odds ratio1	95% C.I.	P-value
General obesity defined by BMI 2
Underweight (yes vs. no)  BMI < 18.5 kg/m2	0.822	[0.406, 1.508]	0.554	0.814	[0.563, 1.146]	0.254
Overweight (yes vs. no)  24 kg/m2 < = BMI < 27 kg/m2	1.128	[0.963, 1.322]	0.135	1.031	[0.920, 1.155]	0.600
Obesity (yes vs. no)  BMI > = 27 kg/m2	1.158	[0.966, 1.385]	0.111	1.099	[0.966, 1.250]	0.150
General obesity defined by BFP (yes vs. no) 3  BFP 25% for males  BFP 30% for females	1.111	[0.955, 1.290]	0.171	1.035	[0.920, 1.165]	0.569
Abdominal obesity defined by WC (yes vs. no) 4  WC 90 cm for males  WC 80 cm for females	1.168	[1.018, 1.340]	0.027	1.214	[1.091, 1.351]	3.9E-4
Abdominal obesity defined by WHR (yes vs. no) 5  WHR 0.90 for males  WHR 0.85 for females	1.233	[1.061, 1.436]	0.007	1.221	[1.094, 1.364]	3.9E-4

¹ In all logistic regression models, I adjusted for ten covariates: age, smoking status (yes vs. no), drinking status (yes vs. no), regular exercise (yes vs. no), chronic disease status (yes vs. no), depression status (yes vs. no), blood pressure level, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and educational attainment (1, 2, …, or 7)

² Reference group: the healthy weight group (18.5 kg/m² < = BMI < 24 kg/m²).

³ Reference group: BFP < 25% for males; BFP < 30% for females

⁴ Reference group: WC < 90 cm for males; WC < 80 cm for females

⁵ Reference group: WHR < 0.90 for males; WHR < 0.85 for females