A time course analysis demonstrates the dynamic expression of genes for the combined treatment plan to derive neural olfactory placode. (A) Schematic representation of final combined experimental treatment plan. (B) qRT-PCR results at day 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30: pan-placode ectoderm (SIX1, EYA1), neural crest (PAX7, SOX10), non-neural ectoderm (TFAP2A, FOXI1), neural ectoderm (PAX6), olfactory placode (POU2F1, DLX5, EMX2, OTX2, FOXG1), neural progenitor (ASCL1, SOX2), and immature neuron (NESTIN, GAP43). Values are normalized to 18S and compared with day 0 group (IMR90-1, n = 4, mean ± SEM). P-values (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).