TABLE 1.
Geographic region (admixture zone) |
N | Pi | H O | H E | P LD | P HWD | F IS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert Nile | ||||||||
01-DUK†-NW | Northwest | 20 | 0.177 | 0.207 | 0.172 | 0.200 | 0.121 | −0.1691,2,3 |
02-ORB†-NW | Northwest | 12 | 0.175 | 0.163 | 0.167 | 0.186 | 0.037 | 0.0811,2,3 |
32 | 0.179 | 0.189 | 0.176 | 0.192 | 0.117 | −0.0501,2,3 | ||
Achwa River | ||||||||
03-NGO | Northwest | 12 | 0.169 | 0.139 | 0.162 | 0.176 | 0.093 | 0.2061,2,3 |
04-BOL | Northwest/Northeast (“b”) | 20 | 0.162 | 0.180 | 0.158 | 0.174 | 0.051 | −0.1041,2,3 |
05-CHU | Northwest/Northeast (“b”) | 13 | 0.145 | 0.133 | 0.139 | 0.140 | 0.042 | 0.0951,2,3 |
45 | 0.162 | 0.155 | 0.160 | 0.138 | 0.141 | 0.0551,2,3 | ||
Okole River | ||||||||
06-ACA | Northwest/Northeast (“b”) | 18 | 0.163 | 0.175 | 0.158 | 0.167 | 0.053 | −0.0711,2,3 |
07-APU | Northwest/Northeast (“b”) | 10 | 0.170 | 0.190 | 0.161 | 0.199 | 0.026 | −0.1151,2,3 |
08-OCA | Northwest/Northeast (“b”) | 20 | 0.163 | 0.172 | 0.158 | 0.159 | 0.047 | −0.0521,2,3 |
09-UWA | Northwest/West (“a”) | 15 | 0.185 | 0.153 | 0.178 | 0.222 | 0.057 | 0.1901,2,3 |
63 | 0.172 | 0.171 | 0.170 | 0.158 | 0.178 | 0.0141,2,3 | ||
Lake Kyoga | ||||||||
10-OCU†-NE | Northeast | 20 | 0.146 | 0.148 | 0.142 | 0.132 | 0.048 | 0.000 |
11-OT†-NE | Northeast | 14 | 0.143 | 0.142 | 0.137 | 0.121 | 0.024 | 0.0091,2,3 |
12-BN | Northeast/South (“d”) | 12 | 0.161 | 0.154 | 0.154 | 0.144 | 0.040 | 0.0591,2,3 |
46 | 0.156 | 0.148 | 0.155 | 0.130 | 0.103 | 0.0671,2,3 | ||
Lake Albert | ||||||||
13-MF†-w | West | 10 | 0.155 | 0.147 | 0.147 | 0.185 | 0.021 | 0.0631,2,3 |
14-MS†-w | West | 11 | 0.160 | 0.129 | 0.153 | 0.134 | 0.085 | 0.2301,2,3 |
21 | 0.165 | 0.137 | 0.160 | 0.164 | 0.120 | 0.1861,2,3 | ||
Kafu River | ||||||||
15-KAF | West/South (“c”) | 20 | 0.158 | 0.129 | 0.154 | 0.114 | 0.117 | 0.2121,2,3 |
Lake Victoria | ||||||||
16-JN | West/South (“c”) | 5 | 0.108 | 0.106 | 0.096 | 0.056 | 0.004 | 0.0311,2,3 |
17-NB | Northeast/South (“d”) | 5 | 0.100 | 0.101 | 0.089 | 0.048 | 0.004 | 0.003 |
18-WAM†-s | South | 14 | 0.132 | 0.137 | 0.127 | 0.074 | 0.020 | −0.0351,2,3 |
24 | 0.134 | 0.122 | 0.131 | 0.087 | 0.043 | 0.1011,2,3 |
Geographic region of origin and assignment to admixture zones “a”–“d” if applicable (Beadell et al., 2010; Echodu et al., 2013; Opiro et al., 2017), sample size (N) and statistics from stacks v.1.34 software (Catchen et al., 2013) including sample-wide nucleotide diversity in the 55,267 representative SNPs (Pi; one SNP per ddRAD fragment), sample-wide observed heterozygosity (HO), and sample-wide expected heterozygosity (HE), statistics from plink version 1.9 (Purcell et al., 2007) including the proportion of locus pairs in linkage disequilibrium in this sample (PLD) and the proportion of loci in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in this sample (PHWD), and sample-wide inbreeding fixation index (FIS) calculated in the “hierFSTAT” R package (Goudet and Jombart, 2015). FIS values are marked with 1 if significantly different from zero with p < 0.02 based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates, with 1,2 if p < 0.02 after Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple testing, and with 1,2,3 if p < 0.02 after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (Supporting Information Table S4). Samples that were used to represent the four pure genetic backgrounds are marked † followed by the abbreviation of the genetic cluster it represents (northwest: NW, northeast: NE, west: W, south: S).