TABLE 2.

Association of covariates and depression risk.

Variable	OR_95 CI%	P-value
Age (years)	0.996 (0.994∼0.999)	0.013
Gender, n (%)
Female	1 (reference)
Male	0.522 (0.470∼0.580)	<0.001
Education level, n (%)
Did not graduate from high school	1 (reference)
Graduated from high school	0.663 (0.580∼0.759)	<0.001
College education or above	0.465 (0.414∼0.522)	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity, n (%)
Mexican American	1 (reference)
Other Hispanic	1.408 (1.159∼1.711)	<0.001
Non-Hispanic white	0.947 (0.814∼1.103)	0.486
Non-Hispanic black	0.998 (0.840∼1.185)	0.980
Other races	0.650 (0.510∼0.827)	<0.001
PIR, n (%)	0.657 (0.632∼0.683)	<0.001
Dietary factors
Energy (kcal)	1 (1∼1)	<0.001
Protein (gm)	0.993 (0.992∼0.994)	<0.001
Carbohydrate (gm)	1.000 (0.999∼1.000)	0.187
Fiber (gm)	0.971 (0.965∼0.977)	<0.001
Vitamin D (mg)	0.973 (0.962∼0.985)	<0.001
Magnesium (mg)	0.998 (0.998∼0.999)	<0.001
BMI, n (%)	1.038 (1.031∼1.045)	<0.001
Smoking status, n (%)
Current smoker	1 (reference)
Former smoker	2.250 (1.962∼2.58)	<0.001
Never smoke	0.825 (0.722∼0.942)	0.005
Drinking status, n (%)
≥12 alcohol drinks a year (%)	1.011 (0.902∼1.132)	0.856
Physical activity, n (%)
Vigorous work activity	0.938 (0.823∼1.07)	0.340
Moderate work activity	0.800 (0.718∼0.891)	<0.001
Walk or bicycle	0.852 (0.756∼0.959)	0.008
Vigorous recreational activities	0.395 (0.336∼0.465)	<0.001
Moderate recreational activities	0.457 (0.408∼0.513)	<0.001
Sleeping time, n (%)	0.752 (0.726∼0.779)	<0.001
Diabetes, n (%)	1.693 (1.506∼1.903)	<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	1.673 (1.512∼1.851)	<0.001

Data presented are ORs and 95% CIs.

PIR, the ratio of family income to poverty; BMI, body mass index.