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. 2022 Nov 4;14:255–267. doi: 10.2147/OARRR.S285407

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© 2022 Santos-Moreno et al.

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Common pathophysiological pathways between rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic disorders.

Abbreviations: Source, self-made; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-1, interleukin 1; IL-6, interleukin 6; BMD, bone mineral density; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ACPAs, anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies; LDL, low-density lipoproteins.