Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2022 Jan 4;434(8):167440. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167440

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Quadruplet reading by +1 frameshifting ASL-expanded tRNAs and canonical tRNAs. (A) Examples of genetically evolved +1-frameshifting tRNAs that contain an expanded ASL: reading of the quadruplet codon UAGA by Methanosarcina tRNAPyl with the anticodon UCUA, reading of the quadruplet codon AGGA by Methanococcus tRNATyr with the anticodon UCCU, and reading of the quadruplet codon UAGA by Methanococcus tRNATyr with the anticodon UCUA. Note that the polarity of the mRNA codons is anti-parallel to that of the tRNA examples. (B) Translation of the full-length E. coli prfB gene (coding for RF2) by reading of the quadruplet codon CUUU using the canonical E. coli tRNALeu with the anticodon GAG, involving a +1-frameshifting event.