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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. 2022 Oct 25;41(4):111539. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111539

Figure 5. Expression of E. coli csp genes is sensitive to the cellular level of Pro(GGG).

Figure 5.

(A) A violin plot of codon usage frequency of CC[C/U] in E. coli protein-coding genes.

(B) GO analysis of genes with an above-average usage of CC[C/U], showing 8 out of 12 genes in the top group in the csp family.

(C) Cold sensitivity assay of WT MG1655 (+) and reconstructed proS-D98N (−) at 37°C (one overnight) or at 22°C (two overnights).

(D) Rescue of cold sensitivity by tRNA expression in proS-D98N.