Table 2.
Age, gender, comorbidities and medical therapy of the 78 diffusion tensor imaging study subjects
| Demographics | All: 78 | Males | Females |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender N (%) | 44 (56) | 34 (44) | |
| Mean age ± SD (years) | 78.8 ± 6.3 | 79 ± 6.2 | 78.5 ± 6.5 |
| Body mass index ± SD (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 27.4 ± 3.6 | 27.4 ± 6.0 |
| Body surface area ± SD (m2) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.6 |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Hypertension N (%) | 70 (90) | 42 (95) | 28 (82) |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 N (%) | 33 (42) | 24 (55)* | 9 (26)* |
| Hyperlipidemia N (%) | 53 (70) | 31 (70) | 22 (62) |
| Current smoking N (%) | 5 (6) | 2 (5) | 3 (9) |
| Former smoking N (%) | 5 (6) | 2 (5) | 3 (9) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter N (%) | 26 (33) | 14 (32) | 12 (35) |
| Previous TIA N (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) |
| Previous minor stroke N (%) | 3 (4) | 1 (2) | 2 (6) |
| Coronary artery disease — post-myocardial infarction N (%) | 17 (22) | 15 (34)* | 2 (6)* |
| Coronary artery disease — no myocardial infarction N (%) | 18 (23) | 12 (27) | 6 (18) |
| Coronary revascularization — PCI N (%) | 26 (33) | 21 (48) | 5 (15) |
| Coronary revascularization — CABG N (%) | 5 (6) | 5 (11) | 0 |
| Non-significant carotid artery stenosis N (%) | 40 (51) | 23 (52) | 17 (50) |
| Previous carotid artery intervention N (%) | 3 (4) | 3 (7) | 0 |
| Heart failure NYHA II N (%) | 40 (51) | 23 (52) | 17 (50) |
| Heart failure NYHA III N (%) | 34 (44) | 20 (45) | 14 (41) |
| Heart failure NYHA IV N (%) | 4 (5) | 1 (2) | 3 (9) |
| Liver disease N (%) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 1 (3) |
| Any malignancy N (%) | 15 (19) | 11 (25) | 4 (12) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N (%) | 13 (17) | 5 (11) | 8 (24) |
| Renal failure (GFR < 30) N (%) | 3 (4) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) |
| Medication | |||
| Anticoagulant therapy (vitamin K antagonist) N (%) | 13 (17) | 8 (18) | 5 (15) |
| Anticoagulant therapy (NOAC) N (%) | 10 (13) | 8 (18) | 2 (6) |
| Current antiplatelet therapy (single) N (%) | 38 (49) | 21 (48) | 17 (50) |
| Current antiplatelet therapy (dual) N (%) | 17 (22) | 12 (27) | 5 (15) |
| Statin therapy N (%) | 50 (64) | 29 (66) | 21 (62) |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB N (%) | 62 (80) | 35 (80) | 27 (79) |
| Beta blocker N (%) | 66 (85) | 38 (86) | 28 (82) |
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHA2DS2-VASc, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke/TIA and VAScular disease score; NOAC, novel oral anticoagulant; NYHA, New York Heart association functional classification; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SD, standard deviation. *Significant difference at p < 0.05