Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Study type | Population | Intervention: surgical orthodontic treatment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Selection criteria | Sample size | Mean age/sex | Type of surgery | Genioplasty (yes/no) | Extractions (yes/no) | Surgical technique/type of fixation | ||
| Rabie et al.17 2008 | Retrospective | Hong Kong | (1) Southern Chinese, (2) passed the growth spurt, (3) no obvious transversal discrepancy, non-cleft, (4) ANB < 1° for camouflage group and ANB > − 5° for surgical group |
N = 25 patients Surgery (N = 12) Camouflage (N = 13) |
Surgery 19.4 ± 4.9 years (males = 2, females = 10) Camouflage 16.2 ± 4.9 years (males = 5, females = 8) |
Maxillary advancement (1), mandibular setback (2) or bimaxillary surgery (9) |
Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Troy et al.18 2009 | Retrospective | USA | (1) White, Black, South Asian, and Asians, (2) passed the growth spurt, (3) overjet of 0 mm or less, (4) unilateral or bilateral angle class III molar relationship, (5) ANB ≤ 0° |
N = 72 patients Surgery (N = 33) Camouflage (N = 39) |
Not available | Maxillary advancement, mandibular setback or bimaxillary surgery | Not available | Not available | Rigid fixation |
| Xiong et al.23 2013 | Retrospective | China |
(1) adult female and (2) moderate skeletal class III (overjet of − 1 mm to − 4 mm, bilateral angle class III molar relationship, and ANB cephalometric measurement of − 1° to − 4°) No obvious transversal discrepancy, non-cleft, or syndrome |
N = 46 patients Surgery (N = 21) Camouflage (N = 25) |
Surgery 19.10 ± 2.14 years (females = 21) Camouflage 18.78 ± 3.76 years (females = 25) |
Bimaxillary surgery | Not available | Not available | Rigid fixation |
| Georgalis and Woods 14 2015 | Retrospective | Australia |
(1) passed the growth spurt, (2) class III molar relationship, (3) incisal overjet ≤ 0 mm, (4) ANB angle less than 1° (5) Wits appraisal less than − 4 mm |
N = 67 patients Surgery (N = 36) Camouflage (N = 31) |
Not available |
Maxillary advancement (3), mandibular setback (2), or bimaxillary surgery (31) |
No |
14 patients (14, 24) 22 patients (non-extraction) |
Not available |
| Marteniz et al.15 2016 | Retrospective | Spain | (1) age over 20 years at the beginning of treatment, (2)Wits appraisal = 3 mm, (3) patients who had not undergone any extractions, (4) patients without any congenital deformity, syndrome, or cleft palate |
N = 156 patients Surgery (N = 79) Camouflage (N = 77) |
Surgery 23.2 ± 2.6 years (males = 49, females = 30) Camouflage 23.2 ± 2.6 years (males = 41, females = 46) |
Maxillary advancement (30), mandibular setback (16) or bimaxillary surgery (33) |
Not available | No | Not available |
| Barodiya et al.16 2021 | Retrospective | India | (1) mild skeletal class III (overjet of 1 to 4 mm, (2) bilateral angle class III molar relationship, (3) ANB 1° to 4°, (5) exclusion criteria: noticeable transversal difference, cleft, and/or syndromic diseases |
N = 46 patients Surgery (N = 21) Camouflage (N = 25) |
Surgery (females = 21) Camouflage (females = 25) |
Bimaxillary surgery | Not available | Not available | Rigid fixation |
| Study | Comparison: orthodontic camouflage treatment | Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Extractions (yes/no) | Method | Skeletal | Dentoalveolar | Soft tissue | |
| Rabie et al.17 2008 | Extraction treatment only |
8 patients (14, 24, 34, 44) 2 patients (15, 25, 34, 44) 1 patient (13, 23, 34, 44) 1 patient (14, 25, 34, 44) 1 patient (34, 44) |
2D |
SNA, SNB ANB, MPA |
U1 inclination (U1/SN), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Surgery Holdaway angle (*) Z angle (NS) Camouflage Holdaway angle (NS) Z angle (*) |
| Troy et al.18 2009 | Extraction treatment only | Not available | 2D |
SNA, SNB ANB |
U1 inclination (U1/SN), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Not available |
| Xiong et al.23 2013 | Not available | Not available | 2D |
SNA, SNB ANB, MPA |
U1 inclination (U1/FH), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Not available |
| Georgalis and Woods 14 2015 | Extraction or non-extraction treatment only |
18 patients (34, 44) 13 patients (non-extraction) |
2D |
SNA, SNB ANB |
U1 inclination (U1/SN), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Surgery Upper lip-E plane (*) Lower lip-E plane (*) Nasolabial (*) Camouflage Upper lip-E plane (*) Lower lip-E plane (*) Nasolabial (*) |
| Marteniz et al.15 2016 | Non-extraction treatment only | NA | 2D |
SNA, SNB ANB, MPA |
U1 inclination (U1/PP), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Not available |
| Barodiya et al.16 2021 | Not available | NA | 2D |
SNA, SNB ANB, MPA |
U1 inclination (U1/FH), L1 inclination (L1/MP) |
Not available |