Table 3.

Summary of pre- and post-treatment skeletal variables in the camouflage and orthognathic surgery groups in the included studies

Author (year) [reference]	Maxillary base position (SNA°)				Mandibular base position (SNB°)				Sagittal skeletal relation (ANB°)			Vertical skeletal relation (MPA = or SN/Go-Gn°, SN/Go-Me or SN/Ag-Me or FH/Go-Me)
	Pre-	Post-		Sig	Pre-	Post-		Sig	Pre-	Post-	Sig	Pre-	Post-	Sig
Camouflage
Rabie et al.17 2008	79.89 ± 2.67	79.11 ± 3.49		NS	81.35 ± 2.81		80.79 ± 2.84	NS	− 1.46 ± 2.06	− 1.68 ± 1.54	NS	33.84 ± 5.23	33.65 ± 6.16	NS
Troy et al.18 2009	80.2 ± 3.4	80.12 ± 3.5		NS	81.63 ± 3.5		81.39 ± 3.5	NS	− 1.43 ± 1.3	− 1.26 ± 1.8	NS	NE	NE	NE
Xiong et al.23 2013	82.24 ± 1.63	82.67 ± 3.24		NR	84.79 ± 1.87		84.24 ± 2.13	NR	− 2.55 ± 1.91	− 1.67 ± 1.23	NR	33.42 ± 4.12	31.56 ± 4.23	NR
Georgalis and Woods 14 2015	80.5 ± 4	80.5 ± 3.9↓		*	81.6 ± 4.1		81.4 ± 4.1↓	*	− 1.2 ± 2	− 0.9 ± 2.2↑	*	NE	NE	NE
Marteniz et al.15 2016	80 ± 4.2	80.3 ± 4.4↓		*	82 ± 4		81.2 ± 4.2↓	*	− 1.9 ± 2.3	− 1 ± 2.8↑	*	33.4 ± 5.9	34.4 ± 6.2↓	*
Barodiya et al.16 2021	82.24 ± 1.63	82.67 ± 3.24		NR	84.79 ± 1.87		84.24 ± 2.13	NR	− 2.55 ± 1.91	− 1.67 ± 1.23	NR	33.42 ± 4.12	31.56 ± 4.23	NR
Orthognathic surgery
Rabie et al.17 2008	80.96 ± 5.08		80.91 ± 4.63	NS	83.08 ± 6.6		79.62 ± 5.12↓	*	− 2.12 ± 2.51	1.3 ± 2.36↑	*	35.65 ± 6.32	37.01 ± 5.31	NS
Troy et al.18 2009	79.85 ± 3.7		82.08 ± 4.2↑	*	84.33 ± 4.2		82.58 ± 4.4↓	*	− 4.47 ± 2.8	− 0.5 ± 2.4↑	*	NE	NE	NE
Xiong et al.23 2013	82.13 ± 1.12		84.13 ± 3.12	NR	85.25 ± 1.34		82.12 ± 3.09	NR	− 3.12 ± 1.94	2.01 ± 1.34	NR	32.19 ± 3.98	30.28 ± 5.87	NR
Georgalis and Woods 14 2015	79.7 ± 3.2		83.1 ± 3.5↑	*	83.5 ± 3.2		81.6 ± 3.2↓	*	− 3.8 ± 2.4	1.5 ± 2.4↑	*	NE	NE	NE
Marteniz et al.15 2016	80.9 ± 4		84.1 ± 4.2↑	*	84.1 ± 4.2		83.3 ± 3.3↓	*	− 3.2 ± 3.1	0.8 ± 2.5↑	*	34.8 ± 6.6	37 ± 13.9↑	*
Barodiya et al.16 2021	82.13 ± 1.12		84.13 ± 3.12	NR	85.25 ± 1.34		82.12 ± 3.09	NR	− 3.12 ± 1.94	2.01 ± 1.34	NR	32.19 ± 3.98	30.28 ± 5.87	NR

SNA°,the angle between 3 point landmarks, S, N, and A point, determining the anteroposterior position of the maxilla relative to the cranial base

SNB°, the angle between 3 point landmarks, S, N, and B point, determining the anteroposterior position of the mandible relative to the cranial base

ANB°, the angle between 3 point landmarks, A point, N and B point, determining the anteroposterior relation between maxilla and the mandible relative to the cranium

MPA°, the angle between the line S–N and the mandibular plane, measuring the mandibular base tipping relative to the cranium

^*Significant

NS, not significant;

NR, not reported;

NE, not evaluated