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Risk of bias based on the Downs and Black checklist (full details presented in the supplementary material)
| Study | Reporting (Q1–Q10) | External validity (Q11–Q13) |
Internal validity—Bias (Q14–Q20) |
Internal validity—Confounding (selection bias) (Q21–Q26) | Power (Q27) | Final score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rabie et al.17 2008 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 19 |
| Troy et al.18 2009 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 22 |
| Xiong et al.23 2013 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 19 |
| Georgalis and Woods 14 2015 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 24 |
| Marteniz et al.15 2016 | 11 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 25 |
| Barodiya et al.16 2021 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 19 |
