Table 2.

Use of brachytherapy in management of primary penile squamous cell carcinoma.

Study	Brachytherapy type	Patient, n	RT dose, median (range), Gy	Follow-up, median (range), month	5-year LC, %	5-year CSS, %	5- year penile preservation, %	Stenosis or necrosis rate	Tumor characteristic
Crook et al., 2005 [38]	Pulsed dose rate	49	60 (NR)	33.4 (4.0–140.0)	85.3	90	86.5	•16% necrosis; 12% stenosis	•51% T1; 33% T2; 8% T3; 4% Tx; 4% in situ
Crook et al., 2009 [28]	Pulsed dose rate/low dose rate	67	60	48.0 (2.4–194.4)	87.3	83.6	88.0	•16% necrosis; 12% stenosis	•56% T1; 33% T2; 8% T3; 3% Tx
de Crevoisier et al., 2009 [41]	Low dose rate	144	65 (37–75)	68.4 (6.0–348.0)	80.0 (at 10 years)	92.0 (at 10 years)	7.0 (at 10 years)	•26% necrosis; 29% stenosis	•Confined to glans, N0
Pimenta et al., 2015 [42]	Low dose rate	25	60 (50–65)	110.4 (0.0–228.0)	NR	91.3 (at 5 years and 10 years)	86.1	•0% necrosis; 43% stenosis	•T1-T2
Cordoba et al., 2016 [40]	Low dose rate	73	60 (40–70)	51.0 (33.4–68.7)	NR	91.4	87.6	•6.8% necrosis; 6.6% stenosis	•91.8% of lesions on glans
									•75.3% T1 lesions; 15% T2; 1.3% Tx
Kellas-Sleczka et al., 2019 [44]	High dose rate	76	28−54.8a (median EQD2);47.4−55.1b (median EQD2)	76.0 (7.0–204.0)	65.6	85.0	69.5	•2.6% necrosis; 1.3% stenosis	•11.8% in situ; 46.1% T1; 21.1% T2; 9.2% T3; 11.8% Tx
Martz et al., 2021 [10]	High dose rate	29	36 (31–39)	72.4 (3–174)	82.0	88.0	79.3	•10.3% necrosis; 17% telangiectasia	•T1-T2, N0–N2, M0

CSS, cancer-specific survival; RT, radiotherapy; LC, local control, NR, not reported; EQD2, equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions.

^aSuperficial high-dose-rate.

^bInterstitial high-dose-rate.