Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (N = 1280).

	eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 962)	eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 (N = 318)	p-value
Age, years	29.60 ± 6.03	32.43 ± 5.17	< 0.001
Sex, male (%)	832 (86.5)	296 (93.1)	0.001
Smoking, active (%)	173 (18.0)	64 (20.1)	0.39
Alcohol intake, active (%)	151 (15.7)	53 (16.7)	0.68
Education level
Up to senior high school	336 (34.9)	57 (17.9)	< 0.001
College/University degree	609 (63.3)	251 (78.9)
Postgraduate degree	17 (1.8)	10 (3.1)
Body mass index, kg/m2	25.53 ± 3.87	26.34 ± 3.39	0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	121.18 ± 12.65	123.50 ± 11.64	0.004
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	73.48 ± 10.28	75.24 ± 10.11	0.008
Mean blood pressure, mmHg	105.27 ± 11.22	107.07 ± 12.11	0.01
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	178.67 ± 32.84	191.46 ± 40.48	< 0.001
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl	49.23 ± 10.61	48.68 ± 11.27	0.42
Serum triglycerides, mg/dl	124.73 ± 100.80	142.47 ± 98.01	0.006
Fasting glucose, mg/dl	92.13 ± 11.08	92.88 ± 10.50	0.28
Serum creatinine, mg/dl	0.87 ± 0.11	1.08 ± 0.09	< 0.001
(Range: min–max)	(0.44 – 1.10)	(0.77 – 1.44)
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2	107.61 ± 14.34	82.45 ± 5.76	< 0.001
(Range: min–max)	(90.0 – 186.7)	(60.8 – 89.9)
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dl	12.58 ± 2.94	13.99 ± 2.95	< 0.001
Proteinuria (%)
1+	378 (39.4)	135 (42.6)	< 0.001
2+	22 (2.3)	15 (4.7)
3+	6 (0.6)	10 (3.2)
4+	2 (0.2)	0 (0.0)
Remaining teeth	27.25 ± 1.39	27.03 ± 1.54	0.02
Localized periodontitis, (%)	477 (49.6)	191 (60.1)	0.001
Stage I	223 (23.2)	92 (28.9)	0.03
Stage II	114 (11.9)	43 (13.5)
Stage III	140 (14.6)	56 (17.6)
BOP (%)	20.25 ± 9.66	27.81 ± 10.64	0.10
Probing depth, PD (mm)	2.54 ± 0.93	2.61 ± 0.88	0.22
% of teeth with PD ≥ 6 mm	0.65 ± 0.49	0.77 ± 0.15	0.95
Clinical attachment loss, CAL (mm)	2.68 ± 0.91	2.67 ± 0.78	0.54
% of teeth with CAL ≥ 5 mm	0.89 ± 0.53	1.20 ± 0.47	0.98

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and categorical variables as N (%).

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, BOP bleeding on probing.