Table 3.
Maternal diabetes and childhood cancer risks in Taiwan (2004–2014).
| Type II diabetes | Gestational diabetes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | N (%) | Crude model HR (95% CI) | Adjusted model* HR (95% CI) | N (%) | Crude model HR (95% CI) | Adjusted model* HR (95% CI) | |
| Non-cases | 2,076,877 | 80,947 (3.9) | Ref. | Ref. | 202,881 (9.8) | Ref. | Ref. |
| All cancers | 2160 | 64 (3.0) | 0.82 (0.64–1.05) | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 211 (9.8) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) |
| ALL | 612 | 19 (3.1) | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 0.88 (0.56–1.39) | 64 (10.5) | 1.15 (0.89–1.49) | 1.16 (0.89–1.51) |
| AML | 155 | 4 (2.6) | – | – | 13 (8.4) | 0.90 (0.51–1.59) | 0.92 (0.52–1.63) |
| NHL | 438 | 14 (3.2) | 0.93 (0.54–1.58) | 0.82 (0.48–1.40) | 39 (8.9) | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 0.91 (0.65–1.26) |
| Central nervous system tumours | 293 | 8 (2.7) | 0.77 (0.38–1.55) | 0.78 (0.39–1.59) | 35 (12.0) | 1.33 (0.94–1.90) | 1.38 (0.96–1.96) |
| Gliomas | 169 | 6 (3.6) | 1.03 (0.45–2.32) | 1.10 (0.49–2.49) | 22 (13.0) | 1.49 (0.95–2.33) | 1.59 (1.01–2.50) |
| Retinoblastoma | 129 | ≤3 | – | – | 18 (14.0) | 1.52 (0.92–2.50) | 1.48 (0.90–2.44) |
| Medulloblastoma | 69 | ≤3 | – | – | 6 (8.7) | 0.95 (0.41–2.19) | 0.96 (0.41–2.22) |
| Neuroblastoma | 226 | 9 (4.0) | 1.06 (0.54–2.06) | 1.00 (0.51–1.96) | 20 (8.9) | 0.92 (0.58–1.44) | 0.89 (0.56–1.41) |
| Hepatoblastoma | 113 | 9 (8.0) | 2.18 (1.10–4.30) | 2.02 (1.02–4.00) | 14 (12.4) | 1.32 (0.75–2.30) | 1.26 (0.72–2.20) |
| Germ cell tumours | 210 | 5 (2.4) | 0.66 (0.27–1.61) | 0.65 (0.27–1.59) | 14 (6.7) | 0.71 (0.41–1.21) | 0.70 (0.41–1.21) |
Ref. reference, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML acute myeloid leukaemia, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
*Adjusted for birth year and sex, maternal age, parity.