Table 3.
Predictors of any pregnancy loss among women living with HIV and women without HIV (n=55,844)
| Predictors | WLH (n=1536) |
WWOH (n=54,308) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI)a | P value | RR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age at delivery (n=55,837) | ||||
| <18 | 0.73 (0.32–1.68) | .461 | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) | .032b |
| 18–24 | 0.60 (0.41–0.87) | .006b | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | <.001b |
| 25–34 | Reference | Reference | ||
| >35 | 1.40 (1.02–1.90) | .035b | 1.62 (1.53–1.72) | <.001b |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | ||
| Greater metropolitan region | 0.86 (0.63–1.18) | .338 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | .103 |
| Rural/outskirts | 1.17 (0.62–2.21) | .621 | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | .016 |
| Race/ethnicity (n=55,825) | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 1.05 (0.77–1.41) | .775 | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | .642 |
| Multiracial | 0.93 (0.61–1.40) | .723 | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | .003b |
| Syphilis during pregnancy (n=55,777) | 1.37 (0.95–1.98) | .088 | 1.29 (1.17–1.43) | <.001b |
| Gravida | ||||
| Primigravid | Reference | Reference | ||
| Multigravid | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | .157 | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | <.001b |
| Fetal sex (n=48,736) | ||||
| Male | 0.66 (0.32–1.36) | .261 | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | .516 |
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Twin gestation (n=48,765) | 1.80 (0.47–6.95) | .392 | 2.20 (1.56–3.11) | <.001b |
| Previous cesarean delivery | 0.39 (0.18–0.82) | .013b | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | <.001b |
| Previous pregnancy loss (n=11,254) | 2.55 (1.64–3.97) | <.001b | 2.62 (2.39–2.87) | <.001b |
CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; WLH, women living with HIV; WWOH, women without HIV.
a
RR and 95% CI were calculated with robust log-linear Poisson regression using a generalized estimating equations approach
b
Statistically significant with P<0.05. Yang. Pregnancy loss and HIV in Brazil. Am J Obstet Gynecol Glob Rep 2022.