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Comparison between pluripotent and totipotent-like cells and the pathways studied for totipotent-like exit. mESCs can fluctuate in and out of a transient totipotent-like state and exhibit similarities to totipotent 2C embryos. Totipotent-like cells exhibit high MERVL expression, low metabolism, high chromatin/histone mobility, weakening of TAD insulation, and E–P interaction. NMD, rRNA biogenesis, and RNA splicing are shown to promote totipotent-like exit.
