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. 2022 Oct 26;9:998044. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998044

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Relative plasma metabolite concentrations of highlighted metabolites during an overfeeding and polyphenol clinical interventions for the male “Lyon” study (A–C) and the female “Lausanne” study (C). (A) Overfeeding (placebo arm) in males (Lyon study) leads to increased plasma concentrations of the BCAA valine, leucine and isoleucine and glucose. (B) A 31-day polyphenol administration in an overfeeding intervention (polyphenol arm) in males (Lyon study) leads to decreased plasma concentrations of the BCAA valine, leucine and isoleucine and glucose compared to the overfeeding arm. (C) Heatmap of log2 fold changes of plasma metabolite relative concentrations, adjusted per each individual’s baseline (T0), in the male (Lyon) and female (Lausanne) studies. T0, T15, T21, and T31 correspond to days 0, 15, 21, and 31 of the intervention; the NMR intensities relate to metabolite concentrations (arbitrary units); p-values obtained by t-test (*p-value ≤ 0.05, and **p-value ≤ 0.01).