Table 2.
Summarized details of the selected diagnostic aptamers
| Type of aptasensor | Target | Aptamer selection method | Name of aptamer (type) | Sequence (from 5′ to 3′) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acoustic aptasensors | |||||
| QCM aptasensor | E. coli O157:H7 | Whole-cell SELEX | S1 (DNA) | TGGTCGTGGTGAGGTGCGTGTATGGGTGGTGGATGAGTGTGTGGC | [49] |
| AIV H5N1 | Protein-based SELEX | Surface protein-specific aptamer (DNA) | GTGTGCATGGATAGCACGTAACGGTGTAGTAGTAACGTGCGGGTAGGAAGAAAGGGAAATAGTTGTCGTGTTG | [50] | |
| Salmonella | Whole-cell SELEX | S8-7 (DNA) | CTGATGTGTGGGTAGGTGTCGTTGATTTCTTCTGGTGGGG | [51] | |
| Brucella melitensis | Whole-cell SELEX | Brucella melitensis binding aptamer (DNA) | GAGAGTAAAGGCCATCGGCGGCCATTTATGTTGTACCC | [52] | |
| Lysozyme | Protein-based SELEX | Lysozyme-specific aptamer (DNA) | TTTTTTATCAGGGCTAAAGAGTGC | [53] | |
| Thrombin | Protein-based SELEX | 15-Mer thrombin aptamer (DNA) | GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG | [54] | |
| S. typhimurium | QCM-based cell SELEX | B5 (DNA) | CAGTCCAGGACAGATTCGCGAGCCCACTCCAAACACGACCAACTCACGCTCTATCAACATCGCTATCCACGTGGATTTCATTCAGCGATT | [55] | |
| SAW aptasensor | α-thrombin; HIV-1 Rev peptide | Protein-based SELEX | Thrombin aptamer (DNA); Rev peptide aptamer (RNA) | GGTGGTGGTGGTGTT; GGGUGUCUUGGAGUGCUGAUCGGACACC | [59] |
| Endotoxin | SELEX | Endotoxin aptamer (DNA) | CTTCTGCCCGCCTCCTTCCTAGCCGGATCGCGCTGGCCAGATGATATAAAGGGTCAGCCCCCCAGGAGACGAGATAGGCGGACACT | [62] | |
| Electrochemical aptasensors | |||||
| Labeled electrochemical aptasensors | M. tb HspX | Protein-based SELEX | H63 SL-2 M6 (DNA) | AGGGCTTTTTTTTTTTTTAGTTCGTTTG | [71] |
| M. tb antigen MPT64 | Protein-based SELEX | MBA I (DNA) | TGGGAGCTGATGTCGCATGGGTTTTGATCACATGA | [72] | |
| P. aeruginosa | Whole-cell SELEX | P. aeruginosa aptamer (DNA) | CCCCCGTTGCTTTCGCTTTTCCTTTCGCTTTTGTTCGTTTCGTCCCTGCTTCCTTTCTTG | [73] | |
| Norovirus | Protein-based SELEX | Capsid-specific aptamer (DNA) | AGTATACCGTATTACCTGCAGCCATGTTTTGTAGGTGTAATAGGTCATGTTAGGGTTTCTGCGATATCTCGGAGATCTTGC | [75] | |
| AIV | Magnetic bead-based SELEX | AIV nucleoprotein aptamer NP5 (DNA) | TATTGTCTATTCATTCCTGTTTCGGTTCTATCTCTTTTTT | [77] | |
| Label-free electrochemical aptasensors | S. Typhimurium | Outer-membrane protein-based SELEX | S. Typhimurium aptamer (DNA) | TTTGGTCCTTGTCTTATGTCCAGAATGCGAGGAAAGTCTATAGCAGAGGAGATGTGTGAACCGAGTAAATTTCTCCTACTGGGATAGGTGGATTAT | [79] |
| S. Typhimurium | Outer-membrane protein-based SELEX | S. Typhimurium aptamer (DNA) | TTTGGTCCTTGTCTTATGTCCAGAATGCGAGGAAAGTCTATAGCAGAGGAGATGTGTGAACCGAGTAAATTTCTCCTACTGGGATAGGTGGATTAT | [80] | |
| Aflatoxin M1 | Protein-based SELEX | AFM1-aptamer (DNA) | ACTGCTAGAGATTTTCCACAT | [81] | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based SELEX | CoV2-RBD-1C (DNA) | CAGCACCGACCTTGTGCTTTGGGAGTGCTGGTCCAAGGGCGTTAATGGACA | [83] | |
| Human adenovirus; SARS-CoV-2 | Whole-virus SELEX | HAdV-Seq4; SARS2-AR10 (DNA) | GGCTGCAGCTGAAGCACTGGTTTTGAGTCAAACCCAGACGATGGA (HAdV-Seq4); CCCGACCAGCCACCATCAGCAACTCTTCCGCGTCCATCCCTGCTG (SARS2-AR10) | [84] | |
| S. Typhimurium | Outer-membrane protein-based SELEX | Salmonella-specific aptamer (DNA) | TATGGCGGCGTCACCCGACGGGGACTTGACATTATGACAG | [85] | |
| E. coli | Whole-cell SELEX | Anti-E. coli aptamer (DNA) | GCAATGGTACGGTACTTCCACTTAGGTCGAGGTTAGTTTGTCTTGCTGGCGCATCCACTGAGCGCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA | [86] | |
| HIV-1 | HIV-1 Tat protein-based SELEX | Split aptamer (RNA) | UCGGUCGAUCGCUUCAUAA; GAAGCUUGAUCCCGAA | [90] | |
| Optical aptasensors | |||||
| Colorimetric aptasensors | S. enteritidis | Whole-cell SELEX | crn-1 and crn-2 (DNA) | AAGGGCTGGCTGGGATGGACCCTCCCGAAACGAGCTGTCTCTTAACGGAAGCTAATCTGCCTCACTCCACGGACCCCACT (crn-1); AAGGGCTGGCTGGGATGGATGTAAGAAGGGAGGAAAGGACCTAAGACCTGCTATATTGCGATCACTCCACGGACCCCACT (crn-2) | [93] |
| S. typhimurium | Whole-cell SELEX | apt 1 and apt 2 (DNA) | AGTAATGCCCGGTAGTTATTCAAAGATGAGTAGGAAAAGA (apt 1); AAAAAAAAAAAAAGTAATGCCCGGTAGTTATTCAAAGATGAGTAGGAAAAGA (apt 2) | [95] | |
| C. jejuni | Whole-cell SELEX | ONS-23 (DNA) | GCAAGATCCCGAGATATCGTGCTGGGGGGTGGTTTGTTTGGGTCGGTTGTTTTGGTTGGGCTGCAGGTAATACGTATACT | [96] | |
| Vp | Whole-cell SELEX and post-SELEX optimization | A4 (DNA) | CAACGAAACAGTGACTCGTTG | [97] | |
| L. monocytogenes | Whole-cell SELEX | Aptamer (DNA) | TATCCATGGGGCGGAGATGAGGGGGAGGAGGGCGGGTACCCGGTTGAT | [98] | |
| S. typhimurium | Whole-cell SELEX | Apt (DNA) | GCGCTCGGCCTCCTCTGCCATCTCATTCGCGAGCGC | [99] | |
| Shigella flexneri | Whole cell-SELEX | Shigella flexneri binding aptamer (DNA) | CCGGACTAGGGCTGGTTAGCTTCAATACTGCTGGGCGAGG | [100] | |
| C. sakazakii | Whole-cell SELEX | CS4 (DNA) | GTGGTCGGGGTGGTGGGTGGGAGGGCGACTTCATCTGCGC | [101] | |
| Dengue virus | Viral protein-based SELEX | DENV aptamer (DNA) | CCCGCACCGGGCAGGACGTCCGGGGTCCTCGGGGGGCGGG | [102] | |
| Avian influenza H5N2 | GO-SELEX | J3APT and JH4APT (DNA) | CGTACGGAATTCGCTAGCTGATGGTGTGGCGGGGGGCG(J3APT); CGTACGGAATTCGCTAGCGGTGGCTCTAGGGCCTATC (JH4APT) | [105] | |
| Fluorescent aptasensors | P. aeruginosa | Whole-cell SELEX | F23 (DNA) | CCCCCGTTGCTTTCGCTTTTCCTTTCGCTTTTGTTCGTTTCGTCCCTGCTTCCTTTCTTG | [109, 110] |
| S. aureus | Whole-cell SELEX | Apt (DNA) | GCAATGGTACGGTACTTCCTCGGCACGTTCTCAGTAGCGCTCGCTGGTCATCCCACAGCTACGTCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA | [111, 112] | |
| E. coli ATCC 8739 | Whole-cell SELEX | Aptamer 8739 (DNA) | TGAAATGTTGGGACACTAGGTGGCATAGAGCCGCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA | [115] | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV-2 NP-based SELEX | Np-A48 (DNA) | GCTGGATGTCGCTTACGACAATATTCCTTAGGGGCACCGCTACATTGACACATCCAGC | [118] | |
| E. coli/pUC19 | Whole-cell SELEX | E. coli-specific aptamer (DNA) | GCAATGGTACGGTACTTCCCCATGAGTGTTGTGAAATGTTGGGACACTAGGTGGCATAGAGCCGCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA | [119] | |
| SARS-CoV2 | SARS-CoV-2 NP-based SELEX | Apt 58 and 61 (DNA) | GCTGGATGTCACCGGATTGTCGGACATCGGATTGTCTGAGTCATATGACACATCCAGC (Apt 58); GCTGGATGTTGACCTTTACAGATCGGATTCTGTGGGGCGTTAAACTGACACATCCAG C (Apt 61) | [120] | |
| Influenza A H1N1 virus | Microfluidic SELEX | H1N1-specific aptamer (DNA) | TTTTTTTTGGCAGGAAGACAAACAGCCAGCGTGACAGCGACGCGTAGGGACCGGCATCCGCGGGTGGTCTGTGGTGCTGT | [121] | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Whole-cell SELEX | AB-specific aptamer (DNA) | CAGCACCACAGACCACATATCACATGCTGTCGCCTTGCGATATCAATTCCAGTGATGTTTGTCTTCCTGCC | [122] | |
| SERS aptasensors | Influenza virus | Recombinant hemagglutinin-based SELEX | RHA0385 (DNA) | TTGGGGTTATTTTGGGAGGGCGGGGGTT | [128] |
| E. coli O157:H7 | Whole-cell SELEX | Apt-1 and Apt-2 (DNA) | CCGGACGCTTATGCCTTGCCATCTACAGAGCAGGTGTGACGG (Apt-1); -CCGGACGCTTATGCCTTGCCATCTACAGAGCAGGTGTGACGG (Apt-2) | [129] | |
| Vp | Whole-cell SELEX | apt-1 and apt-2 (DNA) | TCTAAAAATGGGCAAAGAAACAGTGACTCGTTGAGATACT (apt-1); TCTAAAAATGGGCAAAGAAACAGTGACTCGTTGAGATACT (apt-2) | [131] | |
| Vp | Whole-cell SELEX | A3 (DNA) | TCTAAAAATGGGCAAAGAAACAGTGACTCGTTGAGATACT | [132, 133] | |
| E. coli and S. aureus | Whole-cell SELEX | E1 and Sa1 (DNA) | GCAATGGTACGGTACTTCCTCGGCACGTTCTCAGTAGCGCTCGCTGGTCATCCCACAGCTACGTCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA (E1); GCAATGGTACGGTACTTCCACTTAGGTCGAGGTTAGTTTGTCTTGCTGGCGCATCCACTGAGCGCAAAAGTGCACGCTACTTTGCTAA (Sa1) | [134] | |
| SPR aptasensors | Whole H5Nx avian influenza viruses | Multi-GO-SELEX | IF10 and IF22 (DNA) | CGTACGGTCGACGCTAGCTAACGGTGTGCCCCGGGGGTACAGCGCACTCACGTGGAGCTCGGATCC (IF10); CGTACGGICGACGCTASCTAAATGGGCGTGGGAATGACTCTACGGGGCCACGTGGAGCTCGGATCC (IF22) | [137] |
| Norovirus | Norovirus capsid protein-based SELEX | Aptamer I and II (DNA) | GCTAGCGAATTCCGTACGAAGGGCGAATTCCACATTGGGCTGCAGCCCGGGGGATCC (aptamer I); CGTACGGAATTC GCTAGCACGGGGCTTAAGGAATACAGATGTACTACCGAGCTCATGAGGATCCGAGCTCCACGTG (aptamer II) | [138] | |
| S. typhimurium | Outer-membrane protein-based SELEX | APT33 and 45 (DNA) | TATGGCGGCGTCACCCGACGGGGACTTGACATTATGACAG (APT33); GAGGAAAGTCTATAGCAGAGGAGATGTGTGAACCGAGTAA (APT45) | [139] | |
| S. typhimurium | Outer-membrane protein-based SELEX | APT33 (DNA) | TATGGCGGCGTCACCCGACGGGGACTTGACATTATGACAG | [141] | |
| Other aptasensors | |||||
| Microcantilever aptasensor | HCV helicase | Protein-based SELEX | Helicase aptamer (RNA) | GGGAGAGCGGAAGCGUGCUGGGCCACAUUGUGAGGGGCUCAGGUGGAUCGCAUGGCCGUGUCCAUAACCCAGAGGUCGAUGGAUCCU | [144] |
| Gravity-based aptasensor | Influenza virus H3N2 | Hemagglutinin (HA) protein-based SELEX | HA12-16 (RNA) | GCUUGACGGAGAUCAAGGGCGAGUCUCAUACCAAGUUGAUGGGG | [145] |
| Aptamer-assisted proximity ligation assay | SARS-CoV-2 | N-protein based SELEX | N48 and N58 (DNA) |
GCTGGATGTCGCTTACGACAATATTCCTTAGGGGCACCGCTACATTGACACATCCAGC (N48); GCTGGATGTCACCGGATTGTCGGACATCGGATTGTCTGAGTCATATGACACATCCAGC (N58) |
[146] |
| Thermophoretic aptasensor | SARS-CoV-2 | S protein-based SELEX | CoV2-RBD-4C (DNA) | ATCCAGAGTGACGCAGCATTTCATCGGGTCCAAAAGGGGCTGCTCGGGATTGCGGATATGGACACGT | [147] |