Table 2.
Small‐molecule chemical drugs currently approved for clinical use and endowed with the ability to inhibit NLRP3 activation.
| Drugs | Molecular mechanisms | Experimental model | Reference | clinical trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcipotriol | Activation of Yes-associated protein | Cholestatic liver Injury and fibrosis | (173) | null |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone | Inducing autophagy via GPER activation inhibited ERK Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway | Colitis | (174) | NCT00106314 |
| Colchicine | Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation | Intestinal damage | (175) | null |
| Dapagliflozin | Inhibition of NF-κB/AMPK signaling pathway | Ulcerative colitis (UC) | (176, 177) | null |
| Inhibition of NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway | Steatohepatitis | |||
| Ursolic acid | Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway | Gastric cancer (GC) | (37, 178) | null |
| HF | ||||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | Inhibition of assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammatory | Alcohol-and atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxic | (179) | NCT00898950 |
| NCT00272311 | ||||
| NCT01250340 | ||||
| Saxagliptin | Activation of AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy | Gastric mucosal damage | (180) | null |
| Rabeprazole | Suppression of Pyroptosis executed by GSDMD | HP infection | (29) | NCT02490839 |
| NCT02483715 | ||||
| NCT01643785 etc | ||||
| Metformin | ROS suppression via TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway | Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury | (181) | NCT04750135 |
| Simvastatin | Increase in antioxidant level | UC | (182) | null |
| Empagliflozin combined with Metformin | Interference With the AMPKα/mTOR/NLRP3 signaling | UC | (183) | null |
| Auranofin | Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome | NAFLD | (59) | null |
| Taurine | Inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway | HF in schistosomiasis | (7) | null |
| Rosuvastatin combined with Lactobacillus | Suppression the TXNIP/NLRP3 Interaction | UC | (184) | NCT04883840 (Rosuvastatin) |