Table 4.
Phytochemicals targeting on NLRP3 inflammasome in animal models of digestive diseases.
| Phytochemicals | Molecular mechanisms | Experimental model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Celastrol | Inhibition of NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis Regulating oxidative stress level Block the cleavage of caspase-1 |
Liver damage colitis |
(193, 194) |
| Sulforaphane | Suppression on oligomerization of TLR4 Blocking the transcription of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β genes Promotion of autophagy |
AP NAFLD |
(195, 196) |
| Curcumin | Prevention of K+ efflux and Ca2+ influx Regulating P2X7R and NF-κB signaling pathway Impacting ASC oligomerization and spot formation |
UC liver injury |
(197, 198) |
| Formononetin | Inhibiting the NF-κB transcription signaling pathway | AIH, Colitis | (199, 200) |
| Salidroside | Regulating ROS and AMPK-dependent TXNIP/NLRP3 pathways | Acute liver injury NAFLD UC |
(201–203) |
| Dihydromyricetin | Activating antioxidant pathways | liver injury | (204–206) |
| Dihydroartemisinin | Inhibition of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via p38 MAPK signaling | Colitis | (207) |
| Artesunate | Interrupting crosstalk of inflammatory and oxidative stress | Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion | (208) |
| Cardamonin | Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via AhR/Nrf2/NQO1pathway | IBD | (209) |
| Pristimerin | Inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β secretion | Peritonitis | (210) |
| Chrysanthemum indicum | Inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating ASC phosphorylation | Peritonitis | (211) |
| Fraxinellone | Suppression NLRP3, PY-CARD, caspase-1, Il-18, IL-1β activation | Acute pancreatitis (AP) | (212) |
| C-phycocyanin | Inhibition of HMG-B1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway | Gastric ulcers | (213) |
| Genipin | Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation | Acute gastric injury | (214) |
| Cryptotanshinone | Blocking Ca2+ signaling Reducing mitochondrial ROS |
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) | (215) |
| Apocynin | Suppression NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling pathway | Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) | (216) |
| DSC | Inhibition of the activation of NF-κB, STAT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome | Acute Pancreatitis (AP) | (217) |
| Evodiamine | Regulation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome | Colitis | (218) |