Table 1. Demographic features of the CoSCo study population.
| Characteristics | Overall (n=120) | Amyloid PET (−) (n=94) | Amyloid PET (+) (n=26) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 70.8±6.1 | 70.0±6.0 | 73.8±5.6 | 0.007 |
| Sex, female | 67 (55.8) | 57 (60.6) | 10 (38.5) | 0.038 |
| Education (yr) | 11.2±4.1 | 10.8±4.0 | 12.3±4.1 | 0.086 |
| APOE ε4 carrier (yes) | 24 (20.0) | 12 (12.8) | 12 (46.2) | <0.001 |
| Family history (yes) | 43 (35.8) | 34 (36.2) | 9 (34.6) | 0.855 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 53 (44.2) | 46 (48.9) | 7 (26.9) | 0.041 |
| DM (yes) | 33 (27.5) | 27 (28.7) | 6 (23.1) | 0.549 |
| Dyslipidemia (yes) | 51 (42.5) | 44 (46.8) | 7 (26.9) | 0.063 |
| CAD (yes) | 4 (3.3) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (11.5) | 0.032 |
| Smoking (yes) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (3.8) | 0.260 |
| Alcohol (yes) | 44 (36.7) | 35 (37.2) | 9 (34.6) | 0.778 |
| Global SUVR | 1.3±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.6±0.3 | <0.001 |
| MDS-OAβ (ng/mL) | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.1 | 0.163 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 174.8±34.9 | 172.3±35.4 | 183.7±32.0 | 0.077 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.6±14.5 | 54.9±14.2 | 58.3±15.2 | 0.387 |
| PTA (dB) | 26.8±15.2 | 25.2±14.9 | 32.4±15.3 | 0.032 |
| BMI | 24.8±3.2 | 25.3±3.1 | 23.0±2.7 | 0.002 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.2±9.3 | 87.5±9.1 | 81.6±8.7 | 0.006 |
| Body fat calculator (%) | 29.1±7.9 | 30.1±7.6 | 25.6±8.0 | 0.011 |
| Visceral fat | 9.1±3.8 | 9.8±3.7 | 6.8±2.8 | <0.001 |
| Hand grip strength (kg) | 38.7±21.5 | 37.6±20.1 | 42.8±26.2 | 0.351 |
| Calf circumference (cm) | 34.5±2.8 | 34.6±2.8 | 34.3±2.6 | 0.653 |
| Standing with both feet (sec) | 9.4±1.6 | 9.3±1.7 | 9.8±1.0 | 0.160 |
| Standing with both feet back and forth (sec) | 9.2±1.8 | 9.1±1.9 | 9.6±1.3 | 0.350 |
| Standing with one foot (sec) | 8.7±2.1 | 8.6±2.2 | 9.2±1.8 | 0.128 |
| Lower extremity strength (sec) | 9.9±3.1 | 10.1±3.3 | 9.3±2.5 | 0.317 |
| Gait speed (sec) | 5.9±1.6 | 6.0±1.6 | 5.2±1.4 | 0.008 |
| Gait speed with mental task (sec) | 8.2±3.7 | 8.5±4.0 | 7.2±2.0 | 0.139 |
| Korean-everyday cognition | 70.5±21.7 | 70.8±21.8 | 69.6±22.0 | 0.972 |
| K-HHIE | 6.9±13.1 | 5.5±12.1 | 11.8±15.4 | 0.006 |
| PHQ-9 | 2.9±3.7 | 3.1±3.9 | 2.4±2.9 | 0.443 |
| BEPSI | 7.8±3.6 | 7.9±3.6 | 7.3±3.4 | 0.367 |
| PSQI | 5.8±3.6 | 5.9±3.6 | 5.7±3.5 | 0.776 |
Values are numbers (percentages) for categorical variables or mean ± standard deviation. The p-values were determined by the χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, or the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
CoSCo: cohort study to identify predictors for the clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment or dementia from subjective cognitive decline, PET: positron emission tomography, APOE: apolipoprotein E, DM: diabetes mellitus, CAD: coronary artery disease, SUVR: standardized uptake value ratio, MDS-OAβ: Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Aβ, TC: total cholesterol, HDL: high density lipoprotein, PTA: pure tone audiometry, BMI: body mass index, K-HHIE: Korean Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, BEPSI: Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.