Table 5.

Associations between insomnia and subjective memory decline at follow-up—Analysis 2

Subjective memory
	Symptom-free vs. improving symptoms†	Worsening symptoms vs. improving symptoms†	Worsening symptoms vs. symptom-free†
Self-reported memory worsening
Model 1 OR [95% CI]	0.99 [0.92–1.06]	1.27*** [1.17–1.39]	1.29*** [1.19–1.39]
Model 2 OR [95% CI]	1.00 [0.92–1.08]	1.21*** [1.10–1.34]	1.22*** [1.12–1.33]
Self-reported diagnosed memory problem
Model 1 OR [95% CI]	1.13 [0.74–1.74]	1.35 [0.84–2.17]	1.16 [0.78–1.72]
Model 2 OR [95% CI]	1.09 [0.67–1.78]	0.97 [0.55–1.72]	0.85 [0.52–1.39]

OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals.

Model 1 = adjusted for age, sex, a binary variable of total household income (>50 000 $ or ≤50 000 $), years of education, ethnicity, language, time to follow-up, and percentage loss to follow-up; Model 2 = adjusted for age, sex, a binary variable of total household income (>50 000 $ or ≤50 000 $), years of education, ethnicity, language, time to follow-up, and percentage loss to follow-up, BMI, alcohol consumption (≥4 times per week), diagnosis of cancer, anxiety disorder, clinical depression, or hypertension, current level of smoking, presence of chronic pain, activity level, a report of daytime sleepiness, a witness report of breathing interruption during sleep, a self-report of RBD, a self-report of RLS, a report of using sleep-related medications including hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antihistamines, and analgesics, as well as insufficient sleep (<6 h per night).

Bold and italicized text refers to values that pass the threshold for statistical significance.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

^†Reference group.