Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants (N = 16).
| Characteristic | LIFE diet group (n = 7) | Smoothie group (n = 9) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 65 (9.5) | 49 (11.4) | .01 |
| Gender, male (%) | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (44.4%) | 1.00 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.10 | ||
| Asian | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Black | 1 (14.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | |
| White | 2 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Latino | 2 (28.6%) | 6 (66.7%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (57.1%) | 1 (11.1%) | .11 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (44.4%) | 1.00 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 6 (85.7%) | 1 (11.1%) | .009 |
| CRP (mg/L), mean (SD) | 1.32 (0.78) | 2.86 (2.03) | .06 |
| Beta-carotene (µg/dL), mean (SD) | 70.24 (47.65) | 40.56 (25.53) | .13 |
| HbA1C (%), mean (SD) | 6.45 (1.00) | 5.53 (0.53) | .08 |
| CO2 (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 26.0 (2.16) | 26.8 (3.63) | .63 |
| UpH, mean (SD) | 6.07 (0.53) | 6.25 (0.96) | .67 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 87.1 (13.1) | 80.6 (12.9) | .33 |
| BUN (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 16.4 (8.58) | 17.2 (4.82) | .82 |
| Cr (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 0.80 (0.18) | 0.99 (0.19) | .06 |
| BUN-Cr ratio, mean (SD) | 20.4 (8.70) | 17.6 (4.33) | .40 |
| Ferritin (µg/L), mean (SD) | 89.8 (46.2) | 137 (210) | .56 |
| WBC (×109/L), mean (SD) | 5.55 (1.23) | 5.58 (0.74) | .96 |
| Weight (lbs), mean (SD) | 144 (33.9) | 203 (40.7) | .01 |
| % of fat, mean (SD) | 31.0 (5.63) | 32.9 (7.03) | .58 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.22 (4.21) | 30.18 (4.54) | .05 |
Abbreviations: LIFE, Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday diet; CRP, C-reactive protein; UpH, urinary pH; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CR, creatinine; WBC, white blood cells; BMI, body mass index.