TABLE 3.
Energy and macronutrient intakes by age group, sex, and survey rounds1
| Male | Female | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011/12 (n = 9584) | 2018/19 (n = 9267) | Ratio (95% CI) | 2011 (n = 10,755) | 2018 (n = 10,549) | Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | Median | Mean (SD) | Median | Mean (SD) | Median | Mean (SD) | Median | |||
| Energy, kcal/d | ||||||||||
| 2 to <5 y | 1014 (403) | 961 | 1028 (373) | 978 | 1.04 (0.98–1.07) | 977 (374) | 962 | 965 (335) | 917 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) |
| 5 to <10 y | 1514 (454) | 1468 | 1461 (441) | 1405 | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 1494 (436) | 1470 | 1383 (424) | 1311 | 0.92***,a (0.90–0.95) |
| 10–18 y | 2216 (618) | 2139 | 2134 (645) | 2061 | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) | 2048 (538) | 1988 | 1897 (514) | 1843 | 0.93***,a (0.90–0.94) |
| 19–40 y | 2780 (637) | 2706 | 2561 (656) | 2508 | 0.92 (0.90–0.93) | 2364 (555) | 2312 | 2261 (533) | 2219 | 0.96***,c (0.94–0.97) |
| 41–60 y | 2685 (649) | 2600 | 2508 (616) | 2433 | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 2254 (557) | 2193 | 2137 (523) | 2090 | 0.95*** (0.93–0.97) |
| ≥61 y | 2352 (641) | 2323 | 2185 (639) | 2155 | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) | 1943 (518) | 1893 | 1856 (531) | 1828 | 0.95** (0.92–0.99) |
| Protein, g/d | ||||||||||
| 2 to <5 y | 25.8 (12.3) | 24.4 | 26.1 (10.2) | 24.4 | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 24.7 (11.2) | 22.5 | 24.5 (9.7) | 22.2 | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) |
| 5 to <11 y | 37.8 (15.0) | 34.9 | 36.8 (13.2) | 34.6 | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 36.8 (13.6) | 35.3 | 34.8 (12.8) | 32.9 | 0.95** (0.91–0.98) |
| 11 to <20 y | 54.6 (18.6) | 51.7 | 53.4 (18.9) | 50.3 | 0.97 (0.95–1.00) | 51.0 (18.1) | 48.3 | 47.5 (15.6) | 44.9 | 0.94***,a (0.91–0.96) |
| 20 to <41 y | 69.1 (21.4) | 65.5 | 63.6 (19.4) | 60.8 | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 58.3 (19.2) | 55.1 | 56.2 (16.8) | 53.7 | 0.97***,c (0.95–0.99) |
| 41 to <61 y | 66.6 (21.1) | 63.1 | 62.5 (19.3) | 59.9 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 56.4 (18.4) | 53.8 | 53.4 (16.6) | 50.9 | 0.95*** (0.93–0.97) |
| ≥61 years | 60.3 (21.7) | 56.7 | 54.9 (19.3) | 52.7 | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) | 49.3 (17.1) | 47.0 | 46.9 (16.0) | 45.4 | 0.95** (0.91–0.99) |
| Fat, g/d | ||||||||||
| 2 to <5 y | 15.3 (12.7) | 12.2 | 22.7 (12.6) | 20.1 | 1.63 (1.50–1.78) | 13.8 (10.3) | 11.2 | 21.1 (12.4) | 19.0 | 1.68 (1.53–1.85) |
| 5 to <11 y | 19.2 (13.4) | 15.9 | 28.6 (15.6) | 25.8 | 1.60 (1.51–1.69) | 18.0 (11.8) | 15.5 | 27.0 (15.5) | 24.2 | 1.57*** (1.48–1.67) |
| 11 to<20 y | 25.8 (17.0) | 22.0 | 35.9 (20.7) | 31.5 | 1.45 (1.38–1.52) | 24.3 (16.3) | 20.3 | 31.6 (16.9) | 28.7 | 1.38*** (1.31–1.45) |
| 20 to<41 y | 33.8 (21.2) | 28.7 | 42.2 (22.2) | 37.8 | 1.30 (1.24–1.35) | 27.7 (17.9) | 23.2 | 36.8 (19.2) | 33.1 | 1.40***,c (1.35–1.45) |
| 41 to <61 y | 32.2 (19.9) | 27.3 | 40.5 (21.1) | 36.3 | 1.32 (1.26–1.38) | 27.3 (17.3) | 23.2 | 34.5 (18.1) | 31.0 | 1.32*** (1.27–1.37) |
| ≥61 y | 29.9 (19.5) | 25.9 | 35.1 (18.6) | 31.7 | 1.22 (1.14–1.30) | 23.9 (14.9) | 19.9 | 30.6 (18.4) | 26.1 | 1.31*** (1.21–1.41) |
| Carbohydrate, g/d | ||||||||||
| 2 to <5 y | 188 (75.7) | 177 | 175 (68.4) | 167 | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 183 (71.7) | 179 | 165 (59.9) | 157 | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) |
| 5 to <11 y | 288 (86.4) | 278 | 256 (82.1) | 246 | 0.88 (0.86–0.91) | 287 (84.6) | 285 | 243 (77.6) | 231 | 0.84***,b (0.81–0.87) |
| 11 to <20 y | 427 (120) | 413 | 387 (122) | 371 | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 393 (101) | 385 | 344 (98.1) | 332 | 0.87*** (0.85–0.89) |
| 20 to <41 y | 532 (122) | 521 | 466 (126) | 458 | 0.87 (0.85–0.88) | 455 (105) | 444 | 412 (104) | 401 | 0.90***,c (0.88–0.92) |
| 41 to <61 y | 515 (125) | 499 | 458 (119) | 445 | 0.88 (0.87–0.90) | 431 (102.9) | 421 | 390 (99.2) | 381 | 0.90*** (0.88–0.92) |
| ≥61 y | 445 (120) | 440 | 399 (121) | 387 | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 370 (100.9) | 357 | 336 (100) | 334 | 0.91*** (0.87–0.94) |
1
**,***Significant difference for changes between 2011 and 2018: **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Letters indicate significant difference for changes from 2011 to 2018 between males and females: aP < 0.5, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001.