TABLE 1.
Summary of lipid transfer proteins identified in plants and their functions
| Species | Protein name | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | SCP‐2 | Edqvist et al. (2004) | |
| LTP6 | Chae et al. (2010) | ||
| LTP5 | Pollen tube development | Chae et al. (2009, 2010) | |
| DIR1 | Systemic acquired resistance | Chanda et al. (2011), Maldonado et al. (2002) | |
| DIR1‐like | Systemic acquired resistance | Champigny et al. (2013) | |
| LTPg3, LTPg4 | Pollen development | Edstam and Edqvist (2014) | |
| LTP3 | Germination and seedling growth, freezing and drought stress | Guo, Yang, et al. (2013), Pagnussat et al. (2015) | |
| END1 | Li, Lopato, et al. (2014) | ||
| AtLTP4.5 | Biotic stress | McLaughlin et al. (2015) | |
| EARLI1 | Systemic acquired resistance | Cecchini et al. (2015) | |
| AZI1 | Systemic acquired resistance, salt stress | Cecchini et al. (2015), Jung et al. (2009), Pitzschke et al. (2014) | |
| LTPg15‐LTPg17, LTPg20, LTPg22, LTPg23, LTPg26, LTPg30 | Edstam et al. (2013) | ||
| LTP1 | Ethylene‐mediated signalling pathway, cell differentiation, embryo and shoot development | Baroux et al. (2001), Potocka et al. (2012), Toonen et al. (1997), Wang et al. (2016), | |
| AtLtpI‐4 | Suberin formation of crown galls | Deeken et al. (2016) | |
| ACD11 | Negative regulation of programmed cell death | Brodersen et al. (2002, 2005), Simanshu et al. (2014), Zhai et al. (2017) | |
| AtLTP2 | Maintaining the integrity of cell wall | Jacq et al. (2017) | |
| LTPg15 | Seed coat permeability | Lee and Suh (2018) | |
| LTPg6 | Defence responses to fungi | Fahlberg et al. (2019) | |
| LTPg2 | Defence responses to fungal cuticular wax export | Fahlberg et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2012) | |
| LTPg1 | Defence responses to fungal cuticular wax export | Debono et al. (2009), Fahlberg et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2012), Lee et al. (2009) | |
| LTPg5 | Defence responses to bacteria and fungi, seed development | Ali et al. (2020), Edstam and Edqvist (2014), Fahlberg et al. (2019) | |
| DRN1 | Defence responses, salt stress | Dhar et al. (2020) | |
| AtLTP4.4 | Antifungal, antioxidant | McLaughlin et al. (2021) | |
| LSR1 | Regulate leaf senescence | Feng et al. (2022) | |
| Oryza sativa | LTP | Lee et al. (1998) | |
| LTP‐2 | Samue et al. (2002) | ||
| OsLTP5 | Defence responses | Kim et al. (2008) | |
| OsDIL | Drought stress, development | Guo, Ge, et al. (2013) | |
| Psd1 | Growth and development | Li, Xia, et al. (2014) | |
| OsLTPL36 | Seed development and germination | Wang et al. (2015) | |
| Ptd1 | Growth and development | Deng et al. (2020) | |
| OsLTPL159 | Cold tolerance | Zhao et al. (2020) | |
| OsLTPL94 | Pollen wall development | Tao et al. (2021) | |
| OsC6 | Pollen wall development, anther development | Chen et al. (2022), Zhang et al. (2010) | |
| OsLTP47 | Pollen wall development | Chen et al. (2022) | |
| Triticum aestivum | LTP1 | Charvolin et al. (1999), Gincel et al. (1994) | |
| AceAMP1 | Defence responses, antifungal | Roy‐Barman et al. (2006) | |
| TaLtp9.1b, TaLTP9.2b‐TaLTP9.2d, TaLtp9.3a‐TaLtp9.3g, TaLtp9.4a‐TaLtp9.4c, TaLtp9.7a‐TaLtp9.7e, TaLTP7.1a‐TaLTP7.1c | Boutrot et al. (2007, 2008) | ||
| TaLt10B6, TaBs108F7, TaLt10F9 | Antifungal | Sun et al. (2008) | |
| Ltp3F1 | Antifungal | Kirubakaran et al. (2008) | |
| TaPR60 | Binding of lipid molecules | Kovalchuk et al. (2009) | |
| TaLTP5 | Defence responses against fungi | Zhu et al. (2012) | |
| TaPR61 | Kovalchuk et al. (2009) | ||
| TaDIR1‐2 | Negative regulator in wheat resistance to fungi | Ahmed et al. (2017) | |
| Ms1 | Pollen exine development | Tucker et al. (2017) | |
| TaLTP40, TaLTP75 | Salt tolerance | Hairat et al. (2018) | |
| TaMs1 | Pollen development | Kouidri et al. (2018) | |
| TaMs5‐A, TaMs5‐B | Pollen exine development | Pallotta et al. (2019) | |
| TaLTP3 | Defence responses against Puccinia triticina, thermotolerance and oxidative stress | Wang et al. (2017), Zhao et al. (2021) | |
| Euphorbia lagascae | ElLTP1, EILT2P2 | Programmed cell death | Edqvist and Farbos (2002), Eklund and Edqvist (2003) |
| Malus pumila | LTP3 | Cuticle formation | André et al. (2022) |
| Triticum durum | TdPR61 | Kovalchuk et al. (2012) | |
| TdLTP4 | Antimicrobial, abiotic and biotic stress | Ben et al. (2021), Safi et al. (2015) | |
| Pisum sativum | PsLTP1 | Binding abscisic acid | Akhiyarova et al. (2021) |
| Artemisia annua | AaLTP3, AaLTP4 | Growth and development | Adhikari et al. (2019) |
| Gossypium hirsutum | GhLTPg1 | Fibre elongation | Deng et al. (2016) |
| GhnsLTPsA10 | Defence responses against Verticillium wilt | Chen et al. (2021) | |
| Bassica napus | BnLTP‐II | Defence responses against Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato | Balmant et al. (2021) |
| BraLTP1 | Epicuticular wax deposition and development | Liu et al. (2014) | |
| BraLTP2 | Trichome development | Tian et al. (2018) | |
| Chrysanthemum morifolium | DgnsLTP | Cold tolerance | Huang et al. (2021) |
| Solanum tuberosum | StnsLTP1 | Aiotic stresses | Gangadhar et al. (2016) |
| StLTP10 | Defence responses against Phytophthora infestans | Wang et al. (2021) | |
| Trachyspermum ammi | nsLTP1 | Nazeer et al. (2019) | |
| Zea mays | BETL9, BETL9‐like | Royo et al. (2014) | |
| Ms44 | Dominant male sterility | Fox et al. (2017) | |
| Nicotiana benthamiana | NbLTP1 | Assists bamboo mosaic virus Bamboo mosaic virus accumulation | Chiu et al. (2020) |
| Nicotiana tabacum | TobLTP2 | Cell wall extension | Nieuwland et al. (2005) |
| NtLTP1‐NtLTP4 | Promote monoterpene emission, lipid secretion from glandular trichomes, salt and drought stresses | Choi et al. (2012), Hwang et al. (2020), Xu et al. (2018) | |
| Triticosecale | LTPc3a, LTPc3b | Pollen wall development | Zaidi et al. (2020) |
| Brassica rapa | BrLTP2.1 | Antifungal | Schmitt et al. (2018) |
| Morinda citrifolia | McLTP1 | Antibacterial | Souza et al. (2018) |
| Medicago truncatula | MtN5 | Rhizobium–host interaction | Pii et al. (2009,2012) |
| Chelidonium majus | CmLTP9.5 | Antibacterial | Nawrot et al. (2017) |
| Setaria italica | SiLTP | Salt and drought tolerance | Pan et al. (2016) |
| Coffea canephora | CcLTP2 | Antimicrobial activity against pathogens | Bard et al. (2016) |
| Coffea arabica | CaLTP1a, CaLTP1b, CaLTP3a, CaLTP3b | Cotta et al. (2014) | |
| Panax ginseng | pgLTP | Antifungal | Cai et al. (2016) |
| Cucumis sativus | CsDIR1, CsDIR2 | Systemic acquired resistance | Isaacs et al. (2016) |
| Lotus japonicus | LjLTP10 | Drought stress, cutin formation | Tapia et al. (2013) |
| Astragalus sinicus | AsE246 | Legume‐rhizobium symbiosis | Lei et al. (2014) |
| Lens culinaris | LcLTP2 | Antimicrobia | Gizatullina et al. (2013) |
| Helianthus annuus | HaAP10 | Seed germination | Pagnussat et al. (2012) |
| Capsicum annuum | CaLTP(1) | Antifungal | Diz et al. (2011) |
| CaMF2 | Pollen development | Chen et al. (2011) | |
| CALTPI, CALTPII | Local and systemic acquired resistance | Sarowar et al. (2009) | |
| Leonurus japonicus | LJAMP2 | Defence responses against fungi | Jia et al. (2010) |
| Vitis vinifera | VvLTP2‐VvLTP5 | Defence responses against fungi | Girault et al. (2008) |
| VvLTP1 | Embryo development | François et al. (2008) | |
| Sesamum indicum | SiLTP1‐SiLTP5 | Choi et al. (2008) | |
| Senecia squalidus | SsLTP1 | Osmotic constraints, cold acclimation | Kielbowicz‐Matuk et al. (2008) |
| Vigna radiata | Vrltp1, Vrltp2 | Liu and Lin (2003) | |
| Mb‐nsLTP1 | Lin et al. (2005) | ||
| Physcomitrella patens | PpLTPg2, PpLTPG8 | Drought and cold stress | Edstam and Edqvist (2014) |
| Hordeum vulgare | HvLTP1.1‐HvLTP1.16, HvLTP2.1‐HvLTP2.5, HvLTPd1‐HvLTPd11, HvLTPg1‐HvLTPg8 | Duo et al. (2021) | |
| Ginkgo biloba | Gb‐nsLTP1 | Sawano et al. (2008) |