TABLE 1.

Item pool and initial item characteristics.

Construct	FL	ITC	AID	SE	LS	ST	LNL	DIS	# Criteria
PERMA (55)
PE1. In general, how often do you feel joyful?+	0.896	0.829	0.856	0.431*	0.578*	−0.442*	−0.536*	−0.225*	7+
PE2. In general, how often do you feel positive?	0.882	0.820	0.864	0.496*	0.554*	−0.481*	−0.499*	−0.223*	6
PE3. In general, to what extent do you feel contented?	0.851	0.799	0.883	0.420*	0.624*	−0.526*	−0.551*	−0.186*	3
EN1. How often do you become absorbed in what you are doing?	0.600	0.407	0.447	0.445*	0.252*	−0.290*	−0.236*	−0.131	7
EN2. In general, to what extent do you feel excited and interested in things?+	0.693	0.428	0.378	0.462*	0.585*	−0.449*	−0.581*	−0.259*	8+
EN3. How often do you lose track of time while doing something you enjoy?	0.417	0.322	0.576	0.229*	0.169*	−0.149*	−0.169*	−0.021	0
REL1. To what extent do you receive help and support from others when you need it?	0.667	0.628	0.886	0.332*	0.512*	−0.391*	−0.430*	−0.165*	1
REL2. To what extent do you feel loved?+	0.939	0.804	0.721	0.433*	0.564*	−0.483*	−0.505*	−0.135	7++
REL3. How satisfied are you with your personal relationships?	0.847	0.751	0.770	0.428*	0.624*	−0.542*	−0.563*	−0.127	7
ME1. In general, to what extent do you lead a purposeful and meaningful life?+	0.875	0.824	0.882	0.522*	0.586*	−0.456*	−0.458*	−0.218*	8+
ME2. In general, to what extent do you feel that what you do in your life is valuable and worthwhile?	0.949	0.872	0.842	0.469*	0.510*	−0.435*	−0.449*	−0.205*	6
ME3. To what extent do you generally feel you have a sense of direction in your life?	0.832	0.794	0.906	0.543*	0.492*	−0.475*	−0.429*	−0.162*	2
ACC1. How much of the time do you feel you are making progress toward accomplishing your goals?	0.785	0.684	0.712	0.537*	0.451*	−0.447*	−0.323*	−0.147*	6
ACC2. How often do you achieve the important goals you have set for yourself?+	0.874	0.727	0.665	0.613*	0.483*	−0.472*	−0.392*	−0.182*	8+
ACC3. How often are you able to handle your responsibilities?	0.647	0.585	0.814	0.521*	0.417*	−0.540*	−0.287*	−0.181*	2
Resilience (56)
RES1. I tend to bounce back quickly after hard times.+	0.748	0.679	0.811	0.317*	0.449*	−0.438*	−0.286*	−0.111	7+
RES2. I have a hard time making it through stressful events.	0.631	0.570	0.831	0.113	0.257*	−0.367*	−0.178*	−0.081	0
RES3. It does not take me long to recover from a stressful event.	0.651	0.585	0.827	0.237*	0.350*	−0.361*	−0.205*	−0.191*	2
RES4. It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens.+	0.755	0.684	0.808	0.267*	0.432*	−0.420*	−0.271*	−0.081	6+
RES5. I usually come through difficult times with little trouble.	0.623	0.567	0.830	0.249*	0.264*	−0.425*	−0.272*	−0.173*	4
RES6. I tend to take a long time to get over set-backs in my life.	0.752	0.681	0.808	0.209*	0.315*	−0.411*	−0.350*	−0.149*	5
Optimism (57)
OPT1. In uncertain times, I usually expect the best.	0.615	0.565	0.851	0.319	0.343*	−0.325*	−0.317*	−0.019	0
OPT2. If something can go wrong for me, it will.	0.718	0.656	0.834	0.262*	0.427*	−0.414*	−0.305*	−0.032	1
OPT3. I’m always optimistic about my future.+	0.726	0.669	0.832	0.472*	0.592*	−0.499*	−0.434*	−0.129	7+
OPT4. I hardly ever expect things to go my way.	0.709	0.646	0.836	0.204*	0.410*	−0.433*	−0.406*	0.057	1
OPT5. I rarely count on good things happening to me.	0.747	0.681	0.830	0.360*	0.515*	−0.448*	−0.344*	−0.067	6
OPT6. Overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad.+	0.748	0.680	0.830	0.417*	0.509*	−0.495*	−0.328*	−0.101	6++
College problems (13)
AP1. Academic problems?	0.631	0.542	0.751	−0.494*	−0.398*	0.428*	0.342*	0.125	2
AP2. Difficulty caring about or concentrating on studies?+	0.744	0.645	0.698	−0.416*	−0.422*	0.421*	0.354*	0.214*	6+
AP3. Indecision or concern about choice of career or major?	0.505	0.450	0.795	−0.273*	−0.277*	0.319*	0.247*	0.123	0
AP4. Feeling like I’m not doing as well at school as I should?+	0.880	0.726	0.649	−0.512*	−0.425*	0.491*	0.429*	0.121	7+
IP1. Problems with romantic or sexual relationships?+	0.709	0.611	0.724	−0.304*	−0.410*	0.482*	0.419*	0.200*	5+
IP2. Family problems?	0.653	0.563	0.747	−0.245*	−0.404*	0.466*	0.363*	0.196*	5
IP3. Difficulty getting along with others?	0.690	0.591	0.735	−0.350*	−0.353*	0.486*	0.501*	0.155*	3
IP4. Feeling lonely or isolated?+	0.719	0.611	0.724	−0.362*	−0.485*	0.501*	0.630*	0.223*	8+
PP1. Physical health problems?+	0.839	0.723	0.749	−0.298*	−0.462*	0.458*	0.322*	0.367*	5+
PP2. Headaches, faintness, or dizziness?	0.676	0.601	0.800	−0.398*	−0.396*	0.420*	0.348*	0.284*	0
PP3. Trouble sleeping?+	0.727	0.653	0.784	−0.367*	−0.462*	0.475*	0.389*	0.416*	7+
PP4. Eating, appetite, or weight problems?	0.722	0.644	0.781	−0.358*	−0.510*	0.470*	0.384*	0.244*	3
SP1. My use of alcohol?+	0.310	0.273	0.623	−0.174*	−0.199*	0.265*	0.266*	0.158*	5+
SP2. My use of marijuana?	0.573	0.401	0.435	−0.085	−0.079	0.166*	0.120	0.017	3
SP3. How many psychoactive drugs I use?	0.573	0.477	0.453	−0.066	−0.128	0.250*	0.107	0.085	0
SP4. How many prescribed drugs I use?+	0.783	0.378	0.441	−0.124	−0.213*	0.327*	0.201*	0.277*	7+
ANX1. Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge.	0.881	0.777	–	−0.352*	−0.474*	0.558*	0.438*	0.244*	3
ANX2. Not being able to stop or control worrying.+	0.881	0.777	–	−0.375*	−0.497*	0.563*	0.379*	0.220*	4+
DEP1. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless.+	0.897	0.806	–	−0.474*	−0.558*	0.603*	0.531*	0.265*	5+
DEP2. Little interest or pleasure in doing things.	0.897	0.806	–	−0.443*	−0.499*	0.528*	0.544*	0.226*
Self-stigma of help seeking (59)
ST1. I would feel inadequate if I went to a therapist for psychological help.	0.817	0.762	0.884	−0.122	−0.013	0.045	0.057	−0.023	3
ST2. My self-confidence would NOT be threatened if I sought professional help.	0.691	0.661	0.891	−0.104	−0.048	0.102	0.101	0.033	0
ST3. Seeking psychological help would make me feel less intelligent.+	0.803	0.746	0.886	−0.142*	−0.035	0.111	0.097	−0.074	4+
ST4. My self-esteem would increase if I talked to a therapist.	0.393	0.376	0.907	0.001	−0.035	−0.099	−0.017	−0.037	0
ST5. My view of myself would not change just because I made the choice to see a therapist.	0.511	0.495	0.902	−0.136	−0.270*	0.197*	0.138*	0.044	3
ST6. It would make me feel inferior to ask a therapist for help.+	0.901	0.838	0.879	−0.157*	−0.056	0.080	0.169*	−0.037	5+
ST7. I would feel okay about myself if I made the choice to seek professional help	0.795	0.763	0.885	−0.116	−0.099	0.097	0.123	−0.018	0
ST8. If I went to a therapist, I would be less satisfied with myself.+	0.826	0.785	0.884	−0.083	−0.093	0.049	0.156*	−0.015	4+
ST9. My self-confidence would remain the same if I sought professional help for a problem I could not solve.	0.595	0.571	0.896	−0.235*	−0.224	0.217*	0.172*	−0.012	2
ST10. I would feel worse about myself if I could not solve my own problems.	0.593	0.560	0.898	−0.109	−0.100	0.108	0.200*	−0.005	1

⁺Indicates selected item based on highest number of criteria met. ^{+ +}Indicates selected higher factor loading item if two items have same number of criteria met. FL, factor loadings; ITC, item-total correlation; AID, Alpha if item deleted; SE, self-efficacy; LS, life satisfaction; ST, stress; LNL, loneliness; DIS, disability; PE, positive emotion; EN, engagement; REL, relationships; ME, meaning; ACC, accomplishment; RES, resilience; OPT3, optimism; AC, academic problems; IP, interpersonal relationships problems; PP, physical health problems; SP, substance use problems; ANX, psychological health problems; ST, self-stigma of seeking help. Bold items are the ones that have good internal and external item qualities.