Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics (N = 23)
| Characteristics | Category | n | % or mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 16 | 69.6 | |
| Female | 7 | 30.4 | ||
| Age (years) | 20–30 | 3 | 39.1 | |
| 31–40 | 8 | 52.2 | ||
| ≥ 41 | 12 | 8.7 | ||
| Min–max | 23–48 | 31.7 (6.0) | ||
| Nationality | Cambodia | 8 | 34.8 | |
| Nepal | 6 | 26.1 | ||
| Sri Lanka | 4 | 17.4 | ||
| Bangladesh | 3 | 13.0 | ||
| Pakistan | 2 | 8.7 | ||
| Education level | ≤ Middle school | 4 | 17.4 | |
| High school | 13 | 56.5 | ||
| ≥ College | 6 | 6.1 | ||
| Occupation | Unskilled job | 20 | 87.0 | |
| Engineer | 3 | 13.0 | ||
| Total length of stay in Korea (years) |
< 3 3–6 7–10 |
3 | 13.0 | |
| 12 | 52.2 | |||
| 8 | 34.8 | |||
| Visa status | E-9 | 16 | 69.6 | |
| E-7 | 4 | 17.4 | ||
| F-2 | 3 | 13.0 | ||
| Korean language proficiency | Reading | Fluent | 9 | 17.4 |
| Limited | 14 | 82.6 | ||
| Listening | Fluent | 10 | 43.5 | |
| Limited | 13 | 56.5 | ||
| Writing | Fluent | 18 | 78.3 | |
| Limited | 5 | 21.7 | ||
| Speaking | Fluent | 4 | 17.4 | |
| Limited | 19 | 82.6 | ||
E-9: Non-professional employment visa
E-7: Foreign nationals for working visa
F-2: Long-term residency visa